The International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board (IPSASB) has issued the first four chapters of its Conceptual Framework for General Purpose Financial Reporting by Public Sector Entities (the Conceptual Framework). The chapters are:

Chapter 1:    Role and Authority of the Conceptual Framework
Chapter 2:    Objectives and Users of General Purpose Financial Reporting 
Chapter 3:    Qualitative Characteristics  
Chapter 4:    Reporting Entity  

The Conceptual Framework underpins the development of International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSASs) and Recommended Practice Guidelines (RPGs).    

“The publication of the Conceptual Framework’s first four chapters is a major landmark for the IPSASB and the setting of global accounting standards for the public sector,” said IPSASB Chair Andreas Bergmann. “These concepts will provide the basis for the ongoing development of consistent and useful IPSASs and RPGs, and for the other three phases of the Conceptual Framework. They will also provide guidance to preparers faced with financial reporting issues not dealt with by IPSASs or RPGs.”

The chapters outline the role of the Conceptual Framework in the IPSAS and RPG development process, identify that the primary users of general purpose financial reports (GPFRs) of public sector entities are service recipients and resource providers, and clarify that the objectives of financial reporting by public sector entities are to provide information useful to users for accountability and decision making purposes. They also identify the qualitative characteristics of, and constraints on, information included in GPFRs and the key characteristics of a public sector reporting entity.

Information presented in financial statements is central to financial reporting and will remain the primary focus of IPSASs and RPGs developed by the IPSASB. However, because the primary objective of governments and other public sector entities is to deliver services to constituents the performance of public sector entities can only be partially evaluated by reference to their financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. These chapters explain that, to respond to users’ need for information for accountability and decision-making purposes, the scope of financial reporting by public sector entities is more comprehensive than information included in the financial statements. GPFRs may include, for example, information about an entity’s achievement of its service delivery objectives, compliance with its approved budget, and prospective information about its future service delivery activities, objectives, and resource needs.

Other chapters of the Conceptual Framework, which will address the definition, recognition, and measurement of the “elements” (or building blocks) of financial statements, and presentation in GPFRs, are being developed. They will be added to the Conceptual Framework when completed.

At its recent meeting, the IPSASB confirmed that it will review present IPSASs and non-authoritative guidance and, through application of the due process, address circumstances where there is substantial conflict between an IPSAS and the Conceptual Framework when issued. The mechanism and timing for withdrawal of the qualitative characteristics presently in IPSAS 1, Presentation of Financial Statements, and any other changes to IPSASs resulting from issue of these four chapters will be determined and communicated to constituents in 2013.

About the IPSASB
The IPSASB develops IPSASs, RPGs and other publications for use by public sector entities. The structures and processes that support the operations of the IPSASB are facilitated by IFAC. The IPSASB receives support (both direct financial and in-kind) from the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank, the United Nations, and the governments of Canada, China, New Zealand, and Switzerland.

About IFAC
IFAC is the global organization for the accountancy profession dedicated to serving the public interest by strengthening the profession and contributing to the development of strong international economies. It is comprised of 173 members and associates in 129 countries and jurisdictions, representing approximately 2.5 million accountants in public practice, education, government service, industry, and commerce.

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The Conceptual Framework for General Purpose Financial Reporting by Public Sector Entities (the Conceptual Framework) underpins the development of International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSASs) and Recommended Practice Guidelines (RPGs).

The first four chapters of the Conceptual Framework are:

Takeo Fukiya became Technical Advisor to Mari Kobayashi in 2021, having previously served as a Technical Advisor for former board members; Kenji Izawa (2012-2017) and Do-jin Jung (2018-2020).

Mr. Fukiya is a researcher in The Japanese Institute of Certified Public Accountants (JICPA) since July 2021. Before that, He was an Audit Partner at KPMG Japan, where he had worked for more than 20 years, including more than 10 years in the public sector. He has led a number of audit engagements for Japanese public sector entities, including incorporated administrative agencies, such as state-owned R&D institutions and infrastructure entities. Since 2017, he has worked in the HQ Division, focusing on IPSASB-related activities and providing professional views regarding IFRS/J-GAAP issues, including public sector issues for audit/advisor teams.

He was the Chair of the IFAC-IPSASB Working Group of the Japanese Institute of CPAs  (2012-2016)  and prepared comments for IPSASB’s Consultation Papers/Exposure Drafts. He writes many articles relating to IPSAS. He has developed relationships with key Japanese constituents, such as the national governmental standard-setting division, allowing an ongoing exchange of views and information.

He has been a member of Accounting Standard Committee of Tokyo Metropolitan Government since 2024.

The SMP Committee submitted this comment letter to the International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants (IESBA)'s proposed changes to the Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants addressing Responding to a Suspected Illegal Act.

This article highlights the value of review engagements, especially to SMPs in meeting the needs of their SME clients, and explains many of the key features of International Standard on Review Engagements 2400 (Revised), Engagements to Review Historical Financial Statements, released by the IAASB in September 2012. 

The SMP Committee’s Strategy and Work Plan for 2013–2016 outlines the committee’s objectives, strategic plan, and key outputs. It highlights how the SMP Committee’s planned activities align with and support IFAC’s overall strategy and work plan to support the worldwide accountancy profession. While this document contains the SMP Committee’s strategy for the four-year period 2013–2016, the work plan activities detailed are only for 2013. Work plans for the three subsequent years will be developed annually.

The International Federation of Accountants (IFAC), the global organization for the accountancy profession, today issued Policy Position Paper 7, Effective Governance, Risk Management, and Internal Control, to highlight good practice and the role of professional accountants in business.

Integrated and effective governance, risk management, and internal control within a robust ethical culture make an invaluable contribution to achieving sustained organizational success. At the same time, organizations often fail because of poor governance and/or ineffective and disconnected risk management and internal control.

“The recent global financial and sovereign debt crises have bought into greater focus the need for all organizations—in both the private and public sectors—to implement governance, risk management, and internal control as integrated parts of their management systems,” said IFAC CEO Ian Ball. “As the global organization for the accountancy profession, IFAC is encouraging and facilitating a better understanding of good practices in governance, risk management, and internal control, and greater global consistency in principles and guidelines to support effective implementation.”

IFAC is actively engaged in promoting relevant knowledge, experience, and learning so the profession can better support the more one million professional accountants worldwide working as employees, advisors, consultants, and self-employed owner-managers in commerce, industry, financial services, education, and the public and not-for-profit sectors. Governance, risk management, and internal controlare among the core competencies of professional accountants working in business, who play a leading and public interest role in planning, implementing, executing, evaluating, and improving these areas. 

“Organizations can be confident that professional accountants are able to contribute strongly to governance, risk management, and internal control,” stated Ball. “This policy position paper, and IFAC’s supporting publications, provide leadership and guidance to the profession and will help facilitate a common view of how organizations can effectively implement governance, risk management, and internal control.”

About IFAC
IFAC is the global organization for the accountancy profession dedicated to serving the public interest by strengthening the profession and contributing to the development of strong international economies. IFAC is comprised of 173 members and associates in 129 countries and jurisdictions, representing approximately 2.5 million accountants in public practice, education, government service, industry, and commerce.

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