The International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board (IPSASB) has released an updated and improved version of Study 14, Transition to the Accrual Basis of Accounting: Guidance for Governments and Government Entities. The third edition of Study 14, which features links to many useful resources, provides guidance on how to migrate to the accrual basis of accounting in accordance with International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSASs), and is relevant to governments and other public sector entities, including international governmental organizations.

The latest edition of Study 14 covers all 31 IPSASs, including first-time coverage of the five IPSASs issued in late 2009 and early 2010: IPSAS 27, Agriculture; IPSAS 28, Financial Instruments: Presentation; IPSAS 29, Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement; IPSAS 30, Financial Instruments: Disclosures; and IPSAS 31, Intangible Assets. In light of the much increased global knowledge and experience in adopting IPSASs, the non-technical sections of Study 14 were also substantially improved. They now reflect the current state-of-the-art in adoption and implementation.

"This edition of Study 14 includes significant changes from the previous edition, and demonstrates the IPSASB’s commitment to support the global implementation of IPSASs," noted IPSASB Chair Andreas Bergmann.

How to Order
The full text of Study 14 can be downloaded free of charge from the IPSASB section of IFAC’s Publications & Resources site: web.ifac.org/publications. It is available in electronic form only.

About the IPSASB
The IPSASB (www.ifac.org/publicsector) develops accounting standards and guidance for use by public sector entities. The structures and processes that support the operations of the IPSASB are facilitated by IFAC.

About IFAC
IFAC (www.ifac.org) is the global organization for the accountancy profession dedicated to serving the public interest by strengthening the profession and contributing to the development of strong international economies. It is comprised of 164 members and associates in 125 countries and jurisdictions, representing approximately 2.5 million accountants in public practice, education, government service, industry, and commerce.

My Lord Mayor, CIPFA President Jaki Meekings Davis, Distinguished Guests, Ladies, and Gentlemen.  Thank you, Jaki, for your kind introduction and for your welcome to this marvelous occasion, being held in such a historic building.

125 years - 1885 to 2010. 1885, apart from being the year in which CIPFA was founded and incorporated not long after as the Corporate Treasurers and Accountants Institute, it was also the year of the first election in which the electoral franchise in England was extended to all men; and the audience tonight evidences significant further progress in this regard!  In the same year professional football was legalized in Britain and, close to my heart, it was the year in which Gottfried Daimler patented the first motorcycle. A memorable year!

The International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board (IPSASB) today released for comment an exposure draft (ED) and two Consultation Papers related to its project to develop a Conceptual Framework for the general purpose financial reporting of public sector entities. The Conceptual Framework is the IPSASB’s key strategic objective for 2010–2012 and is of fundamental importance to the future of global public sector standard setting for at least the next 10–15 years.

Conceptual Framework Exposure Draft 1 (CF-ED1), Conceptual Framework for General Purpose Financial Reporting by Public Sector Entities: Role, Authority, and Scope; Objectives and Users; Qualitative Characteristics; and Reporting Entity, refines the issues highlighted in a Consultation Paper published in 2008 and reflects the IPSASB’s consideration of the responses to that Consultation Paper. CF-ED1 proposes that the objectives of financial reporting should be to provide information for accountability and decision-making purposes. It also proposes that the scope of financial reporting should extend beyond the traditional financial statements to include more comprehensive financial and non-financial information.

The Consultation Paper, Elements and Recognition in Financial Statements, identifies alternative asset and liability-led and revenue and expense-led approaches to financial statements and considers the key characteristics of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses. It also discusses whether further elements should be defined and examines approaches to the recognition of elements.

The Consultation Paper, Measurement of Assets and Liabilities in Financial Statements, considers the measurement bases that may be appropriate for the elements that are recognized in financial statements. It discusses historical cost, market value, and replacement cost and then examines deprival value as an approach to select the most relevant measurement basis.

Summaries of the Consultation Papers can be found in the “At a Glance” publications, which have been posted along with the Consultation Papers. A staff draft, Key Characteristics of the Public Sector, identifies and provides an overview of some of the main characteristics of the public sector that distinguish it from the private sector and, therefore, have a potential impact on the development of a public sector Conceptual Framework. The IPSASB is not seeking comments on this draft at this time. This document will be further considered by the IPSASB in 2011 and, following approval, will be formally exposed for comment.

“The Conceptual Framework provides the set of principles that underpin the IPSASB’s standard-setting activities over the long term,” said IPSASB Chair Andreas Bergmann. "Given the central role that the Conceptual Framework will play in the IPSASB’s future standard-setting activities, I strongly urge all stakeholders to submit comments on this ED and the two Consultation Papers."

How to Comment
To access the Exposure Draft and Consultation Papers, or to submit a comment, visit the IFAC website at www.ifac.org/Guidance/EXD-Outstanding.php. Comments on the exposure draft and Consultation Papers are requested by June 15, 2011. The IPSASB encourages IFAC members, associates, and regional accountancy bodies to promote the availability of these documents to their members and employees.

About the IPSASB
The IPSASB (www.ifac.org/publicsector) develops accounting standards and guidance for use by public sector entities. The structures and processes that support the operations of the IPSASB are facilitated by IFAC.

About IFAC
IFAC (www.ifac.org) is the global organization for the accountancy profession dedicated to serving the public interest by strengthening the profession and contributing to the development of strong international economies. It is comprised of 164 members and associates in 125 countries and jurisdictions, representing approximately 2.5 million accountants in public practice, education, government service, industry, and commerce.

Accountants Must Embrace Change and Seize Opportunities, According to Chief Executive Officers from Around the World

Chief executive officers of accounting institutes from around the world shared their visions on the accountants of the future at the World Congress of Accountants 2010.

The World Congress closed today with the final plenary session titled “Accountants in the Next Decade – Embracing Change and Seizing Opportunities,” which asked the following questions:

• How has the recent global economic crisis changed the environment for the accountancy profession?
• What impact will increased globalization have on the profession?
• How should the audit evolve to meet new needs?
• How might the skills and competencies of accountants change in the years ahead?
• Will accountancy still be an attractive option for young people in the future?

“The clear consensus among the panel was that increased globalization and the recent financial crisis have placed the profession squarely in the spotlight,” said Ian Ball, Chief Executive Officer of IFAC. “Professional accountants play a key role in reporting on financial results and providing assurance on those reports, which is particularly important in this challenging time.”

“Going forward, the profession is certain to continue to evolve,” continued Ball. “For example, integrated reporting—which encompasses an organization’s economic, social, and environmental results—will become the norm, and the profession will play a key role in providing assurance on non-financial results, as well as embedding these results into strategy and performance management. As we lead this transformation, we will need to enhance our collective skills and competencies. We expect these changes will increase the profile of the profession and help us continue to attract the best and brightest to the profession.”

Chaired by Mr. Ball, the plenary session panel also included Alex Malley, CEO, CPA Australia; Barry Melancon, President & CEO, American Institute of Certified Public Accountants; Michael Izza, CEO, Institute of Chartered Accountants of England and Wales; Helen Brand, CE, Association of Chartered Certified Accountants; and Charles Tilley, CEO, Chartered Institute of Management Accountants.

The 18th World Congress of Accountants, hosted by the Malaysian Institute of Accountants and IFAC, was held November 8–11, 2010, in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Featuring the theme Accountants: Sustaining Value Creation, the World Congress offered four plenary sessions and 35 concurrent sessions featuring 183 high-profile speakers from over 40 countries and from organizations including the World Bank, Transparency International, the Financial Stability Board, the European Commission, the International Forum of Independent Audit Regulators, and the International Accounting Standards Board, among others. A record-breaking number of delegates attended—over 6,000 from 134 countries—including professional accountants, international regulators, standard setters, government officials, and corporate leaders. These delegates came together to discuss, share, and debate ideas and global solutions to the issues affecting the profession in the interest of the global economy, investors, and businesses, such as:

• Integrated reporting and sustainability;
• Trends in the roles and responsibilities of professional accountants;
• XBRL and the communication of business information;
• Governance and international standards;
• The role of and challenges for small and medium practices;
• IFRS and the convergence of accounting standards; and
• Islamic finance.

About the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC)
IFAC (www.ifac.org) is the global organization for the accountancy profession dedicated to serving the public interest by strengthening the profession and contributing to the development of strong international economies. It is comprised of 164 members and associates in 125 countries and jurisdictions, representing approximately 2.5 million accountants in public practice, education, government service, industry, and commerce.

Video presentation (approx 9 min)

Video presentation (approx 11 min)

Video presentation (approx 14 min)

The International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB) today released a progress report on its project to monitor the implementation of its clarified ISAs. The report—Implementation of the Clarified International Standards on Auditing (ISAs)—highlights key findings from the first phase of the IAASB’s initiative to develop a process for gathering information to help it evaluate the effective and consistent implementation of the clarified ISAs. Following completion of the Clarity Project,* the first phase of this IAASB initiative has focused on learning more about early implementation experiences.

“Effective implementation is key to realizing the full benefits of the clarified ISAs,” said Prof. Arnold Schilder, Chairman of the IAASB. “With extensive implementation efforts now underway around the world, it is important for the IAASB to obtain timely feedback on the clarified ISAs from a variety of key stakeholders. The information we gather from this first phase and subsequent efforts of our monitoring project will help the IAASB continue to meet its objective of developing high-quality ISAs.

To promote awareness and understanding of the clarified ISAs, the IAASB also has released a second series of ISA modules,** focusing on some of the new and more significantly revised ISAs. These modules cover ISAs that address materiality in planning and performing an audit of financial statements, the evaluation of identified misstatements, written representations, using the work of an auditor’s expert, and auditor reporting.

As further support for ISA implementation, IAASB staff has released Auditor Considerations Regarding Significant Unusual or Highly Complex Transactions, a questions-and-answers (Q&A) publication. The Q&A highlights considerations in the ISAs that are relevant to auditing such transactions, often an area that gives rise to risks of material misstatement of the financial statements.

“These new resources will assist people responsible for adopting and implementing the clarified ISAs and, in particular, auditors as they prepare for the upcoming audit season,” explained IAASB Technical Director James Gunn. He added, “This additional support underscores the IAASB’s commitment to facilitating effective implementation of the ISAs and, ultimately, to enhancing audit quality.”

The new ISA modules are available to download free of charge from the IAASB Clarity Center on the IAASB’s website (www.iaasb.org/clarity-center). The IAASB encourages IFAC members, associates, regional accountancy bodies, and firms to use these materials and to promote their availability to their members and employees.

About the IAASB
The IAASB (www.iaasb.org) develops auditing and assurance standards and guidance for use by all professional accountants under a shared standard-setting process involving the Public Interest Oversight Board, which oversees the activities of the IAASB, and the IAASB Consultative Advisory Group, which provides public interest input into the development of the standards and guidance. The structures and processes that support the operations of the IAASB are facilitated by IFAC.

About IFAC
IFAC (www.ifac.org) is the global organization for the accountancy profession, dedicated to serving the public interest by strengthening the profession and contributing to the development of strong international economies. It is comprised of 159 members and associates in 124 countries and jurisdictions, representing approximately 2.5 million accountants in public practice, education, government service, industry, and commerce.

Notes to Editor:

* The Clarity Project, completed by the IAASB in March 2009, resulted in the issuance of 36 ISAs and one International Standard on Quality Control in a new style that is easier to understand, translate, and implement. Approximately half of the ISAs also contain substantive new requirements intended to improve practice in a variety of respects. The new set of clarified ISAs is now in effect for 2010 year-end audits.

** Developed by IAASB staff, each of the ISA modules combines short video presentations, accompanying slides, and supporting notes that explain the key principles of, and major changes in, individual ISAs.

Accountancy leaders from around the world met in Geneva on October 12 to discuss next steps for global corporate governance reforms. With an eye to helping prevent future financial crises, they collectively supported the following points:

• The accountancy profession has a key role to play in strengthening corporate governance and facilitating the integration of governance and sustainability into the strategy, operations, and reporting of an organization.
• Boards should be focused on the long-term sustainability of their businesses. As such, corporate governance reform must include strengthening board oversight of management, positioning risk management as a key board responsibility, and encouraging remuneration practices that balance risk and long-term (social, environmental, and economic) performance criteria.
• Governance is more than having the right structures, regulation and principles in place—it is about ensuring that the right behaviors and processes are in place.
• Governance mechanisms need to be strengthened at banks and other companies to ensure better oversight of risk management and executive compensation.
• More dialogue is needed between policy makers, the accounting profession, and other financial industries to consider how we can work together effectively on a global level.

The conference, hosted by the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), took place at the United Nations Office in Geneva, Switzerland.

Professor Mervyn King, author of the King Code on Corporate Governance, was the keynote speaker. Participants from more than 50 countries were on hand to address key questions including: What lessons has the financial crisis revealed about corporate governance? What corporate governance reforms should be developed on a global basis? And what role should the accountancy profession play?

“Professional accountants can serve as a critical link to ensure that good corporate governance is practiced,” said IFAC President Robert L. Bunting. “Accountants provide strategic direction to boards and governing bodies, aiming to ensure that risks are managed appropriately and resources are used responsibly—all key processes for facilitating sound corporate governance.”

The IFAC/UNCTAD conference was designed to allow professional accountants, corporate governance experts, and other participants to challenge current practices, exchange views on essential elements of corporate governance, and discuss best practices that will improve the current and future business and economic climate.

Mervyn King, professor at the University of South Africa, who specializes in corporate citizenship, said: “Our businesses impact society, the economy, and the environment. We are no longer distant bystanders of these organizations, but we are the stakeholders, because business impacts our society, environment, and economy.”

About IFAC

IFAC is the global organization for the accountancy profession dedicated to serving the public interest by strengthening the profession and contributing to the development of strong international economies. It is comprised of 159 members and associates in 124 countries and jurisdictions, representing approximately 2.5 million accountants in public practice, education, government service, industry, and commerce.

About the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)

UNCTAD is the focal point of the United Nations for the integrated treatment of investment and enterprise development. Since its founding in 1964, UNCTAD has progressively evolved into an authoritative knowledge-based institution whose work aims to help shape current policy debates and thinking on development. UNCTAD is the host for the Intergovernmental Working Group of Experts on International Standards of Accounting and Reporting (ISAR). For more than 25 years, ISAR has been the focal point within the UN system for issues of corporate transparency and accounting. Through ISAR, UNCTAD works to promote international best practices in financial reporting and corporate governance disclosure and to assist developing countries to build their technical capacity in this area.