Tangible natural resources are generally understood to be resources such as mineral resources, water, and living organisms that are naturally occurring. They account for a significant proportion of the economic resources in many jurisdictions. However, governments often lack sufficient information on the monetary value of natural resources, and as a result, grant rights to these resources without regard to financial and environmental sustainability, or intergenerational fairness.

To address the gap in the IPSAS literature on accounting for natural resources, the International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board^® (IPSASB^®) issued a Consultation Paper (CP) in May 2022. The IPSASB continues to develop principles for the recognition and measurement of natural resources, with the targeted publication of an Exposure Draft (ED) in the second half of 2024. However, following feedback received on the CP concerning the lack of guidance on specific activities related to mineral resources, this is being addressed first with the release of ED 86 and ED 87 for public comment:

• ED 86, Exploration for and Evaluation of Mineral Resources; and
• ED 87, Stripping costs in the Production Phase of a Surface Mine (Amendments to IPSAS 12).

ED 86 proposes a standard on accounting for the costs incurred in the exploration and evaluation of mineral resources, based on the selection of an accounting policy specifying which expenditure should be recognized as exploration and evaluation assets. ED 86 is aligned with the private sector requirements in IFRS 6, Exploration for and Evaluation of Mineral Resources, with limited changes for the public sector context.

ED 87 proposes adding an authoritative appendix to IPSAS 12, Inventories. The proposed guidance clarifies when to capitalize or expense costs incurred to remove waste material in surface mining operations. ED 87 is aligned with the guidance in IFRIC 20, Stripping costs in the Production Phase of a Surface Mine, with limited changes for the public sector context.

“As the IPSASB’s broader Natural Resources project continues to break new ground, the current proposals address some of the gaps in the literature on mineral resources in response to stakeholders needs,” said IPSASB Chair Ian Carruthers. “There is more to come in 2024 from the Natural Resources project, but these EDs are an important first step to providing useful financial information and improved accountability by the public sector in this important area.”

How to Comment

To access the EDs and the summary At-a-Glance documents, or to submit a comment, visit the IPSASB website, www.ipsasb.org. Comments on the EDs are requested by May 31, 2024. The IPSASB encourages IFAC® members, associates, and regional accountancy organizations to promote the availability of these EDs to their members and employees.

About the IPSASB 

The International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board (IPSASB) works to strengthen public financial management globally through developing and maintaining accrual-based International Public Sector Accounting Standards® (IPSAS®) and other high-quality financial reporting guidance for use by governments and other public sector entities. It also raises awareness of IPSAS and the benefits of accrual adoption. The Board receives support from the Asian Development Bank, the Chartered Professional Accountants of Canada, the New Zealand External Reporting Board, and the government of Canada. The structures and processes that support the operations of the IPSASB are facilitated by the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC). For copyright, trademark, and permissions information, please go to permissions or contact permissions@ifac.org. 
 

About the Public Interest Committee 

The governance and standard-setting activities of the IPSASB are overseen by the Public Interest Committee (PIC), to ensure that they follow due process and reflect the public interest. The PIC is comprised of individuals with expertise in public sector or financial reporting, and professional engagement in organizations that have an interest in promoting high-quality and internationally comparable financial information. 

Two new exposure drafts set forth the first comprehensive suite of global standards on ethical considerations in sustainability reporting and assurance

Proposed standards aim to foster greater trust in all publicly communicated sustainability information through the application of a consistent ethical approach

The IESBA welcomes comments from the entire sustainability community – professional accountants, all other sustainability practitioners, regulators, and investors

The International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants (“IESBA”) today announced the launch of two Exposure Drafts (EDs):

• International Ethics Standards for Sustainability Assurance ED, which includes revisions to the existing Code related to sustainability reporting;
• Using the Work of an External Expert ED

The Exposure Draft on International Ethics Standards for Sustainability Assurance (including International Independence Standards) (IESSA) and ethics standards for sustainability reporting proposes a clear framework of expected behaviors and ethics provisions for use by all sustainability assurance practitioners regardless of their professional backgrounds, as well as professional accountants involved in sustainability reporting. The goal of these standards is to mitigate greenwashing and elevate the quality of sustainability information, thereby fostering greater public and institutional trust in sustainability reporting and assurance. 

The Exposure Draft on Using the Work of an External Expert proposes an ethical framework to guide professional accountants or sustainability assurance practitioners, as applicable, in evaluating whether an external expert has the necessary competence, capabilities and objectivity in order to use that expert’s work for the intended purposes. The proposals also include provisions to aid in applying the Code’s conceptual framework when using the work of an external expert.

These proposed ethics (including independence) standards are especially relevant in a context where sustainability information is increasingly important for capital markets, consumers, corporations and their employees, governments and society at large, and when new providers outside of the accounting profession play a prominent role in sustainability assurance.

To coincide with the launch of the public consultation, the International Accreditation Forum (IAF) has announced its intention to stipulate to national accreditation bodies around the world that the IESBA’s proposed IESSA are to be used when accrediting and authorizing conformity assessment bodies to carry out assurance work on corporate sustainability disclosures¹.

The creation of an effective sustainability standards infrastructure requires not only high-quality sustainability reporting and assurance standards, but also a global baseline of ethics (including independence) standards to ensure the integrity and objectivity of sustainability information. The IESBA’s proposed standards are aimed at completing and supporting the effectiveness of that infrastructure. The development of both EDs was closely coordinated with the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB).

Gabriela Figueiredo Dias, Chair of the IESBA, commented, “Ethics is about acceptable behaviors and right decisions to avoid bias in sustainability information and foster trust. From investors looking for transparent and credible information, to consumers wanting to ensure the reliability of companies’ narratives about the sustainable credentials of their products and practices, and companies wanting to be trusted, all users of sustainability disclosures have a vested interest in ensuring ethical choices by the preparers and assurers of such information. These proposed standards will serve as a cornerstone of ethical behavior with far-reaching benefits.”

Jean-Paul Servais, Chair of the Board of the International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO), said, “I am delighted to welcome today's publication and call on issuers, investors and assurance providers to participate in the IESBA’s consultation. Sustainability disclosures are undeniably high on the agenda of investors globally. Trust in such disclosures will be enhanced when they receive external assurance based upon globally accepted standards regarding ethical behavior and independence, that have been developed in the public interest. IOSCO will continue to play a key role in promoting global consistency in the assurance of sustainability-related disclosures by issuers and support its members and other stakeholders to enhance trust in corporate sustainability-related reporting.”

Alan Johnson, Chair of the IESBA and IAASB Stakeholder Advisory Council (SAC), independent corporate director, and Chair of the Good Governance Academy, stated: "IESBA’s Exposure Draft reflects the increasing demand for greater ethics and independence in corporate sustainability reporting. As the inaugural Chair of the Stakeholder Advisory Council, I view the proposed standards as critical to enhancing the integrity and credibility of sustainability information. These standards are a significant step towards ensuring that sustainability disclosures are ethically grounded and universally trusted while also enabling businesses around the world to provide full transparency of progress towards achieving sustainability goals and objectives.”

The development of the standards was preceded by extensive outreach, including four global roundtables which took place in March and April 2023 in Paris, Singapore, Sydney and New York. The roundtables involved over 140 senior-level representatives from stakeholders from very different jurisdictions and backgrounds, with a significant participation of non-professional accountants.

How to Comment 

The IESBA invites all stakeholders to provide their feedback on the EDs by visiting the IESBA’s website. Comments on the Using the Work of an External Expert ED are requested by April 30, 2024, and on the Sustainability ED by May 10, 2024.

Global Webinars and Other Resources

The IESBA will hold a series of global webinars where IESBA board members and staff will explain the key proposals in the EDs. Further information about the timing of the webinars, together with registration details, will be announced in the near future. In addition, the IESBA will soon release fact sheets and other explanatory materials on the EDs.

¹ when included in the ISO/IEC 17029 programme

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About the IESBA

The International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants® (IESBA®) is an independent global standard-setting board. The IESBA’s mission is to serve the public interest by setting high-quality, international ethics (including independence) standards as a cornerstone to ethical behavior in business and organizations, and to public trust in financial and non-financial information that is fundamental to the proper functioning and sustainability of organizations, financial markets and economies worldwide.

Along with the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB), the IESBA is part of the International Foundation for Ethics and Audit (IFEA). The Public Interest Oversight Board (PIOB) oversees IESBA and IAASB activities and the public interest responsiveness of the standards. For more information about the IESBA, please visit http://www.ethicsboard.org/ and on LinkedIn at http://www.linkedin.com/company/iesba.

About the International Accreditation Forum

The IAF is a global association of accreditation bodies, conformity assessment body associations and other organizations involved in conformity assessment in fields including validation/verification and the certification of management systems, products, processes, services and persons.

The IAF promotes the worldwide acceptance of certificates of conformity and validation/verification statements issued by conformity assessment bodies accredited by IAF Multilateral Recognition Arrangement (MLA) signatories, and seeks to add value for all stakeholders through its activities and programs.

The Exposure Draft on International Ethics Standards for Sustainability Assurance (including International Independence Standards) (IESSA) and ethics standards for sustainability reporting proposes a clear framework of expected behaviors and ethics provisions for use by all sustainability assurance practitioners regardless of their professional backgrounds, as well as professional accountants involved in sustainability reporting.