Accountants in business play a crucial role in helping organizations ensure a systematic and analytical approach to project and investment appraisal. In practice, fundamental principles of corporate finance are often breached, leading to the destruction of value for shareholders and other stakeholders. Far too frequently, decisions ignore the costs and benefits associated with wider external impacts—social (e.g., labor practices), economic (e.g., in communities), and environmental (e.g., pollution).

The International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB), the audit profession's peak global standard setter, has just released a blueprint for the most significant changes to the audit profession's communication with investors in decades.

The proposals include a new standard, ISA 701 Communicating Key Audit Matters in the Independent Auditor's Report and a number of revisions to existing ISAs, including ISA 700, Forming an Opinion and Reporting on Financial Statements.

The exposure draft has been years in the making and is the result of the IAASB's outreach with investors and other key stakeholders. But what does this really mean for investors and what can they expect from the proposed changes?

Far from being an end point, a new set of auditor reporting standards will mark the beginning of the most challenging part of this journey - implementation. While offering much promise, the IAASB's proposals are a stretch for a profession which has already undergone extensive regulation and re-regulation in recent times.

The crux of the draft standards is that auditors would no longer solely attest to a company's financial report, but they would take on the role of providing their own narrative on key matters in the audit. In adopting this change, the IAASB essentially provides a blank canvas within the audit report. The value and effectiveness of these changes for investors will depend on how that canvas is painted - a fundamental shift and challenging undertaking for auditors who are handed the palette and brush.

Enhanced auditor reporting could go toward addressing expectation gaps related to the audit role from both sides: providing more accessible insights into the work of auditors, and an enhancement in the role itself. At the same time, in removing the simplicity of the current binary form audit report - which provides a 'yes' or 'no' on the financial statements - there is a risk that misaligned expectations could be exacerbated. Once again, the proof will be in the pudding, or on how the additional narrative space within the audit report is used.

A recent enquiry of the UK Competition Commission into the UK statutory audit market highlighted the importance of shareholder engagement in the appointment of auditors. Enhancing auditor reporting may serve to enable a greater degree of engagement, and could see firms competing to provide in their report more relevant, understandable and clearer information for shareholders.

The auditor's core role, their opinion on financial statements, comes attached to significant legal and professional accountabilities. There is a precision in the language used within current standardised auditor reports that could be impacted by introducing a more freeform model. Auditors will face the challenge of balancing their accountabilities whilst also presenting reports that are not only informative, but which bridge from often technical language to communicate in a way that is accessible to a diverse range of stakeholders.

The audit profession in Australia has already begun field testing the draft standards. To be at this point is a mark of the auditing profession's strength. As firms in Australia complete their 2013 June year-end audits, there is already a swelling of activity that anticipates how the exposure drafts would apply, and what potential issues and practical complications could arise.

This is a clear effort by IAASB to enhance how investors are informed and a genuine step forward. The ultimate measure of this shift will be the value investors place on these enhancements. With the consultation period set to close on 22 November 2013, I urge the profession to use this time to focus on how to overcome the challenges and how to enhance auditor reporting toward the needs and perspective of those using the reports.

Originally published in The Accountant

Thank you for subscribing to the eNews from the International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board (IPSASB). This edition provides a summary of decisions made at the IPSASB’s meeting held June 17-20, 2013, in Toronto, Canada. Please visit the IPSASB Meeting Page for the meeting highlights and relevant agenda items.

An audio podcast of Meeting Highlights is also available.

1. Reporting on the Long-Term Sustainability of an Entity’s Finances
2. Financial Statement Discussion and Analysis
3. Reporting Service Performance Information
4. Governance and Oversight Update
5. Relationship to IASB Conceptual Framework and Development of the Preface to the Conceptual Framework
6. IPSAS 6-8 Update
7. First-Time Adoption of Accrual Basis IPSASs
8. Government Business Enterprises
9. Next Meeting

1. Reporting on the Long-Term Sustainability of an Entity’s Finances

The IPSASB reviewed a further version of draft Recommended Practice Guideline (RPG), Reporting on the Long-Term Sustainability of an Entity’s Finances. This version reflected the direction at the March 2013 meeting that capacity and vulnerability are aspects of each of the three dimensions of long-term fiscal sustainability: service, revenue and debt. The IPSASB directed that a definition of the term “current policy assumptions” be inserted and other minor modifications be made. The IPSASB approved RPG 1 for issuance as a final pronouncement; it was published on July 24.

2. Financial Statement Discussion and Analysis

The IPSASB reviewed a further version of draft RPG, Financial Statement Discussion and Analysis, including a substantially modified Basis for Conclusions. The RPG provides guidance to public sector entities for preparing and presenting financial statement discussion and analysis, which will assist users in understanding the financial position and financial performance described by the general purpose financial statements.

The RPG recommends that financial statement discussion and analysis include:

• An overview of the entity’s operations and the environment in which it operates;
• Information about the entity’s objectives and strategies that relate to the financial statements;
• An analysis of the entity’s financial statements, including significant changes and trends; and
• A description of the entity’s principal risks and uncertainties that relate to the financial statements, an explanation of changes in those risks and uncertainties since the last reporting date, and its strategies for bearing or mitigating those risks and uncertainties.

The IPSASB approved RPG 2 for issuance as a final pronouncement; it was published on July 26.

3. Reporting Service Performance Information

The IPSASB considered issues with respect to development of a draft RPG, Reporting Service Performance Information, directing that it should provide a mixture of guidance on decisions and identification of minimum characteristics for reporting service performance information. Additionally, the IPSASB recommended the RPG acknowledge that some selection of services for reporting information will always be necessary. The RPG should, therefore, provide guidance on how this should be done and on relevant factors or criteria for such selection. It should also provide guidance on which types of performance indicators are chosen—inputs, outputs, outcomes, efficiency indicators, and/or effectiveness indicators. The guidance should:

• Tie the choice of indicators back to objectives;
• Encourage reporting that goes beyond outputs to outcomes; and
• Note that the circumstances in which an entity is reporting could be important.

With respect to information organization, the RPG should focus on principles rather than choices between particular approaches to information organization. Information organization will need to be appropriate for the types of services reported, their outcomes, and objectives.

An Exposure Draft (ED) of an RPG will be further developed for consideration at the IPSASB’s September 2013 meeting.

4. Governance and Oversight Update

The IPSASB received an update from the observers from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the World Bank regarding the formation of the IPSASB Governance Review Group, including a report on their first meeting, held May 31, 2013, in Paris, France. The Review Group will be chaired by representatives of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the OECD, and the World Bank and its members will include the Financial Stability Board (FSB), International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO), and International Organisation of Supreme Audit Institutions (INTOSAI). A consultation paper is planned for September, with final recommendations anticipated during the first half of 2014. These recommendations will be reported to the G-20 and the FSB.

The review will consider oversight arrangements as well as the broader questions of IPSASB governance and measures to enhance the perceived relevance, quality, and legitimacy of International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSASs).

5. Relationship of IPSASB Conceptual Framework to IASB Conceptual Framework and Development of the Preface to the Conceptual Framework

The IPSASB discussed the relationship of the Conceptual Framework to the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB)’s Framework project in light of the anticipated issue of an integrated Discussion Paper by the IASB; it was released in July 2013. The IPSASB reaffirmed that the Conceptual Framework is a critical project for the public sector, and neither an interpretation of the IASB’s current and evolving Framework nor an International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) convergence project.

IPSASB staff will review the IASB's Discussion Paper in order to avoid differences in definitions and terminology that are unwarranted by public sector circumstances.

The IPSASB also agreed the reason why the IPSASB Framework will differ from the IASB Framework should be communicated clearly. As part of this communication, the IPSASB agreed to publish The Preface to the Conceptual Framework for General Purpose Financial Reporting by Public Sector Entities as a Preliminary Board View in July 2013.

6. IPSAS 6-8 Update

At previous meetings, the IPSASB has considered a range of issues associated with the development of the five EDs to be issued as part of this project. The June meeting focused on which reporting entities should be required to comply with the consolidation requirements in the ED based on IFRS 10, Consolidated Financial Statements.

The IPSASB considered the IASB’s exception from consolidation for investment entities. Although the IPSASB noted that relatively few public sector investment entities are expected to be applying IPSASs, the IPSASB agreed to propose that investment entities be required to recognize their controlled investments at fair value, as required by IFRS 10.

The IPSASB also considered a proposal for optional whole of government consolidated financial statements, in conjunction with mandatory statistical sector reporting. The IPSASB agreed not to proceed with this proposal, although it noted that the interaction between IPSAS 18, Segment Reporting, and IPSAS 22, Disclosure of Financial Information about the General Government Sector, could be explored in the future and might form part of future work program public consultations.

The IPSASB directed staff to proceed with drafting an ED, based on IFRS 10, which:

• Requires that investment entities account for their controlled investments at fair value; and
• Sets out the possibility of permitting the retention of fair value investment entity accounting by a non-investment controlling entity.

The IPSASB is expected to vote on the EDs at its September meeting.

7. First-Time Adoption of Accrual-Basis IPSASs

The IPSASB discussed an analysis of the transitional accounting issues related to IPSAS 28, Financial Instruments: Presentation; IPSAS 29, Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement; and IPSAS 30, Financial Instruments: Disclosure, and provided direction to staff on various aspects.

The IPSASB agreed to grant a first-time adopter a three-year relief period for the recognition of financial instruments that were not recognized under its previous basis of accounting. A first-time adopter that recognized financial instruments under its previous basis of accounting may adopt a three-year relief period for the measurement of such financial instruments. The board further agreed that all disclosure requirements relating to financial instruments should be applied prospectively as and when the financial instruments are recognized and/or measured.

The IPSASB debated various overarching issues that impact the finalization of the proposed ED and agreed that a first-time adopter should only apply deemed cost where the cost information of the asset is not available.

The IPSASB reviewed the first draft of the proposed ED and agreed that an updated version should be presented at the September 2013 meeting.

8. Government Business Enterprises

The IPSASB further discussed the Government Business Entities (GBEs) project, commencing with a history of the term, which dates back to 1989. The survey of board members in December 2012 revealed a number of issues with the definition of GBEs, ranging from the inclusion of entities that have a full cost recovery rather than profit objective; the meaning of not being fully reliant on government funding to be a going concern; the consistency in interpreting the definition across jurisdictions; whether the control criterion is appropriate; and whether a definition based on services or objectives would be better.

The IPSASB noted the wide spectrum of entities being treated as GBEs across jurisdictions and considered four options on the way forward:

• Not to define GBEs, leaving jurisdictions to make their own decisions on which entities are profit–oriented and should apply IFRS or national private sector GAAP;
• Clarify the existing definition to make it easier to apply and achieve greater consistency;
• Narrow the existing definition to seek to reduce the current diversity in terminology and practice; or
• Redefine GBEs based on services or objectives.

The IPSASB directed staff to prepare a consultation paper proposing the characteristics of entities which jurisdictions should consider when deciding whether to apply IPSASs to public sector entities.

9. Next Meeting

The next IPSASB meeting will be held in Toronto, Canada, Sept. 16-19, 2013. Members of the public may register to observe the meetings. Registration will close Sept. 9.

Workshop Session

During the Professional Accountancy Organization (PAO) Development Committee meeting in Accra, Ghana, a half-day open workshop session was held to which representatives of Pan African Federation of Accountants (PAFA) member bodies from across the continent were invited. The aim of the session was to:

• present the IFAC Statements of Membership Obligations (SMOs) and look at the changes made during the revision process;
• allow participants to share their experiences with adoption and/or implementation of the international standards in the SMOs, regardless of the development stage of the organization and IFAC membership status; and
• familiarize all participants with the Dashboard Reports and allow them to consider the responsibilities, adoption status, and current priorities for one or more SMOs in their own jurisdiction.

Following a presentation from IFAC staff, PAO Development Committee members, observers, and guests split into three groups to focus on three different SMO aspects:

• approaches to adoption and implementation of international standards;
• implementing quality assurance; and
• establishing effective investigation and disciplinary processes.

The workshop promoted exchange between participants and provide an open forum to share experiences and ideas. Below is a summary of some of the themes of discussion.

Summary of Discussion

Approaches to adoption and implementation of international standards

Responsibility: It is unusual for a PAO to have the responsibility for every standard-setting SMO (3, 4, 5, and 7). Where the responsibility lies elsewhere, understanding the environment, including any relevant legislation and resource challenges, is key to understanding the PAO’s role in supporting the associated processes. Due to the core role of government, challenges to progress on SMO 5 (International Public Sector Accounting Standards, or IPSAS) include a range of financial and political factors that differ significantly from one jurisdiction to the next. In cases where the PAO is not responsible for education and training, the PAO should consider a formal collaboration with the relevant educational institution(s). This can allow efficient sharing of information around the International Education Standards (IES) for timely updates to curriculum and training programs, resulting in the appropriate training of high quality professionals.

Enforcement: Enforcement of a code of ethics may be challenging where PAOs have limited capacity or a limited legal mandate. A consideration may be to work in partnership with a national anticorruption body to make additional resources available and may permit legal enforcement of a code of ethics in the jurisdiction. Working with a public institution also grants a wider audience, enabling key information regarding cases to be communicated in the public interest.

Proactivity: Not all PAOs evolve in a jurisdiction where the support and development of the accountancy profession is a priority for the government and/or other stakeholders. Where legislation related to the accountancy profession does not exist at the national level, PAOs should consider how best to enhance the relevance of the profession and encourage best practice from their members. This may include amending a PAO’s bylaws and rulebook to require members to use international standards in their professional practice. Such a decision must be supported by appropriate training, tools, and guidance.

Communications: Advocacy around the importance of international standards and information-sharing activities aimed at regulators and governments, as well as the public, should be a key part of a PAO’s strategy. Establishing and maintaining dialogue with key players in the political arena can ensure the accountancy profession is on their agenda. Where responsibility for standard setting or key implementation activities lies elsewhere, clearly communicating the assistance a PAO can provide to relevant stakeholders in support of high-quality financial information is essential.

Strategic planning: The ongoing update of standards by the international standard-setting boards requires processes to be in place to ensure timely adoption and implementation at the jurisdiction level. An agreed-to plan allows for objective setting, appropriate allocation of resources, and determination of a realistic timeline for implementation. SMO Action Plans are a tool that can be used for such an organizational planning process.

Implementing quality assurance

Quality review program: When establishing a quality review program , consider assessing existing internal quality review programs for larger firms and, depending on their effectiveness, placing some reliance on those programs when conducting specific reviews. For smaller firms, a robust quality review program can be monitored and supported by the PAO, which can feed findings into development programs. Peer review is typically ineffective in small jurisdictions where the profession is close-knit and, therefore, finding independent professionals is a challenge. Regional quality assurance systems can be a solution where capacity doesn’t exist at the national level.

Stakeholder engagement: Achieving buy-in from all stakeholders is crucial. A relationship with the auditor general can ensure high-level awareness of the results of all audits. At the early stages of the program’s implementation, when dealing with a firm that falls short of requirements, sensitizing those that will be affected, rather than seeking to instantly punish, can prove most effective. Public reporting of findings at the country level to highlight key themes from reviews, for example, can also help with this process.

Continuing professional development (CPD): Due to the importance of members in practice undertaking relevant CPD, a number of PAOs have introduced percentage-based mandatory practice-related CPD as a condition of annual practicing license renewal. More generally, PAOs should ensure that a wide range of CPD training and resources are available for members to update their knowledge and skills—this is particularly vital to assist small- and medium-sized practitioners (SMPs) who may not have capacity for in-house training.

Establishing effective investigation and disciplinary processes 

Advocacy and communication: Relationships should be built and maintained with government and other regulators to publicize the role of the PAO in investigating and disciplining its members. In jurisdictions where PAO membership is not mandatory to practice, it can be of crucial importance to ensure the public understands requirements and how to access quality professionals. Penalties for practicing without a license should be significant enough to act as a deterrent. Decisions regarding publication of names of individuals found to be practicing without a license or violating other regulations should be tied to the severity of each case.

Committee composition: Legislation can negatively affect an effective investigation and disciplinary process, since smaller jurisdictions can struggle to maintain the committee composition required by law. Where appropriate, credibility of disciplinary or appeals tribunals can be enhanced through the appointment of ministry or high court officials, or by their involvement in selecting committee members, such as the chair. Public members and legal representation, in addition to the presence of accountants on the committee, can enhance objectivity and transparency.

Cooperation with regulators: Agreements with regulatory authorities can ensure appropriate flow of information around cases. Where there is overlap in the processes of a PAO and those of an independent or audit regulator, a formal relationship can help avoid duplication and may lessen administrative burden on the PAO.

Background

The IFAC Member Body Compliance Program

The IFAC Member Body Compliance Program is one of continuous development and improvement for PAOs—IFAC members and associates. It is based on the IFAC Statements of Membership Obligations (SMOs), which serve as a technical framework for PAOs to set strategic objectives. The program operates with oversight and advice from the IFAC Compliance Advisory Panel (CAP) and is subject to Public Interest Oversight Board (PIOB) review. IFAC member body development staff and the PAO Development Committee work with PAOs to support their progress in addressing the SMOs.

The Revised SMOs

The IFAC SMOs were revised and ratified by the IFAC Council in November 2012 to use “plain English” principles and express member bodies’ obligations more clearly. At a high level, the revisions include:

• clearer definition of obligations;
• greater clarity and improved flow of logic;
• a focus on adoption and implementation, aligned with IFAC’s strategy;
• an applicability framework to guide PAOs with varying levels of responsibility for SMO areas;
• the extension of the scope of external quality assurance review to apply to all audits of financial statements; and
• a clarified process of investigation and discipline with a stronger connection to SMO 1.

IFAC members and associates are required to address the SMOs by developing, executing, reviewing, and regularly updating their SMO Action Plan.

SMO Progress Reports

Dasboard Reports are prepared by IFAC staff based on an evaluation of information presented by the IFAC member or associate in their SMO Action Plan. Dashboard Reports provide a high-level snapshot of the status of a PAO and its jurisdiction at a point in time. To evaluate and monitor progress made by IFAC members and associates, Dashboard Reports use three interrelated indicators.

• The level of responsibility that the PAO has for each of the seven SMO areas.
• The adoption status (at the country/jurisdiction level) of the international standards relevant to each SMO area.
• The status of progress made by the PAO, as represented in their SMO Action Plan.

Dashboard Reports, in addition to addressing these three areas, also provide background information on the IFAC member or associate, including its size, sectors of the profession served, and a general indication of available resources and capacity.

Welcome to IFAC’s Professional Accountants in Business (PAIB) Committee eNews.

In this Issue:

Governance
1. Public Sector Governance Consultation Draft Published by IFAC, CIPFA
2. ICAEW: What are the Principles of Corporate Governance?

Internal Control and Risk Management
3. Revised COSO Framework: IFAC Review Available for Publication
4. Sharing Best Practice on Risk Management and Internal Control

Financial Reporting
5. IFAC Responds to IIRC Consultation Draft on Integrated Reporting
6. GRI Publishes Survey Review of Integrated Reports

Sustainability
7. World Forum on Natural Capital
8. ICAS Announces Sustainability in Business Essay Competition
9. NYSE Joins UN Sustainable Stock Exchanges Initiative

SMP News
10. SMP Quick Poll: Sustainability Services on the Rise

Next PAIB Committee Meeting
11. Next Meeting of Professional Accountants in Business Committee

Governance

1. Public Sector Governance Consultation Draft Published by IFAC, CIPFA

IFAC and the Chartered Institute of Public Finance and Accountancy (CIPFA) issued a Consultation Draft, Good Governance in the Public Sector, to promote the development of robust governance. The Consultation Draft looks to establish a benchmark for good governance in the public sector at both the government and individual public sector entity levels. The Consultation Draft was developed with input from representatives of relevant international organizations. Public sector representatives and other public sector stakeholders are encouraged to respond to the proposed framework to help improve its applicability to public sector entities at all levels internationally. Comments are requested by September 17, 2013.

IFAC member and regional organizations are invited to publish the supporting article, “New Guidance Aims to Improve Public Sector Governance,” in their journals, newsletters, website, and other forums. The article can also be tailored to suit the needs of each organization and membership. Email permissions@ifac.org for permission to translate or reproduce.

2. ICAEW: What are the Principles of Corporate Governance?

Governance is also discussed in What are the Overarching Principles of Corporate Governance? from the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales (ICAEW). The thought piece encourages corporate boards to focus on a set of simple but fundamental principles of corporate governance. It also outlines five short, purposeful, and aspirational overarching principles that apply to a wide range of companies. These principles should serve to remind corporate boards, and their stakeholders, what corporate governance should look like if a company is to meet its business purpose and other responsibilities.

Internal Control and Risk Management

3. Revised COSO Framework: IFAC Review Available for Publication

In response to the publication of the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO)’s Internal Control-Integrated Framework in May (see PAIB Committee eNews May 2013 for details), IFAC has written a review discussing the changes in the new COSO publication and the work still to be done. “Revised COSO Framework: Improved but Further Adjustments Warranted” outlines recommendations COSO should take up in future revisions to make the Framework more relevant to a broader global community. This article is also available for publication by member bodies. Email permissions@ifac.org for permission to translate or reproduce.

4. Sharing Best Practices on Risk Management and Internal Control

IFAC staff recently gave a presentation on risk management, internal control, and the COSO Framework at the 94^th Annual Institute of Management Accountants (IMA) Conference in New Orleans, US. The presentation, made with J. Stephen McNally of the Campbell Soup Company, outlines some of the pitfalls many organizations face with their current systems of risk management and internal control. Vincent Tophoff, IFAC senior technical manager, and Mr. McNally also addressed the changes in the newly revised Internal Control-Integrated Framework from COSO.

The presentation:

• summarizes the most important pitfalls in current risk management & internal control (RM/IC) practice;
• provides insight into current thinking on risk management and internal control;
• outlines key concepts contained in the most important risk management and internal control guidelines;
• discusses the impact of these developments and approaches for organizations; and
• identifies and discusses other emerging trends related to risk management and internal control.

IFAC staff also recently gave a presentation on the effective integration of risk management and internal control, especially as it relates to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO)’s standard on risk management, ISO 31000 – Risk Management, at the Second International Conference on ISO 31000 in Toronto, Canada.

Financial Reporting

5. IFAC Responds to IIRC Consultation Draft on Integrated Reporting

IFAC responded to the landmark Consultation Draft of the International Integrated Reporting Framework, published in April by the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC). In its comment letter, IFAC recommends, for example, adjusting the Framework to encourage a principles-based, rather than a rules-based, approach to integrated reporting and advocates that it should be the individual organizations that determine their intended audiences, instead of the blanket assumption that integrated reports are primarily for providers of financial capital. The IIRC is now in the process of analyzing the 350 responses it received to the proposed Framework.

6. GRI Publishes Survey Review of Integrated Reports

The Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) released a new survey report reviewing different ways integrated reports are taking shape around the world. The Sustainability Content of Integrated Reports—A Survey of Pioneers looks at 756 reports published from 2010 to 2012 following GRI Guidelines and surveys 52 organizations that issued integrated reports during all three years. 

Sustainability

7. World Forum on Natural Capital

The World Forum on Natural Capital, an UN-backed event, will be held in Edinburgh, UK, November 21-22, 2013. The event will be the first major global conference devoted to putting an economic value on natural capital (additional information on natural capital is available in Special Edition eNews—Accounting for Natural Capital). Synergies between public and private sector natural capital accounts will be explored, as will the links with integrated reporting and the issues affecting different sectors. The conference is organized by the Scottish Wildlife Trust in association with the United Nations Environment Programme, World Business Council for Sustainable Development, International Union for Conservation of Nature, TEEB for Business Coalition, and the Wildlife Trusts. IFAC stakeholders are being offered a 10% discount on registration (promotional code IFAC10 when registering). Additional information, including the program, is available at www.naturalcapitalforum.com. Early bird registration closes September 12, 2013.

8. ICAS Announces Sustainability in Business Essay Competition

The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland (ICAS) has announced its 2013 essay competition to encourage debate regarding sustainability in business. Entry is open to all accountants and students globally. Professionals and students in related fields are also encouraged to apply. Full details, including competition rules and topic details, can be found at http://icas.org.uk/sustainabilityprizeessay/. The competition, sponsored by Grant Thornton UK LLP, closes on September 30, 2013.

9. NYSE Joins UN Sustainable Stock Exchanges Initiative

The NYSE Euronext is the newest member of the United Nations’ Sustainability Stock Exchanges (SSE) Initiative. The initiative aims to “explore how exchanges can work together with investors, regulators, and companies to enhance corporate transparency on environmental, social, and corporate governance issues and encourage responsible long-term approaches to investment.” In announcing its participation, Duncan L. Niederauer, CEO of NYSE Euronext, said, "As the only carbon neutral global exchange group, we are proud to join the SSE initiative and partner with the UN and our industry to support best practices in corporate governance and transparency related to corporate sustainability. We lead by example by running our business in an environmentally responsible manner, and by leveraging the unique power of our platform and our NYSE Euronext community, we empower learning and collaboration within the broader corporate sector."

SMP News

10. SMP Quick Poll: Sustainability Services on the Rise

The latest IFAC SMP Quick Poll results showed that the vast majority, 73%, of the nearly 4,000 small- and medium-sized accounting practitioners (SMPs) surveyed are either currently providing or have plans to provide sustainability services to their clients, suggesting there is a sizable market for these services among the small businesses that SMPs typically serve. Results varied somewhat by size of practice and region. The larger the size of the SMP, the more likely it was to be offering sustainability services.

Next PAIB Committee Meeting

11. Next Meeting of Professional Accountants in Business Committee

The next meeting of the PAIB Committee will be hosted by the Chinese Institute of Certified Public Accountants (CICPA), October 14-15, in Beijing, China. It will be followed by a forum on October 16, 2013, at the CICPA offices. Additional information on the forum, which will be open to the public, will be made available in coming issues of eNews.

The 2012 International Accounting Education Standards Board (IAESB) Annual Report, Enhancing Professional Accounting Education, highlights the IAESB’s work in the public interest to enhance the quality and consistency of accounting education practices throughout the world, and thereby strengthen the public’s confidence in the competence of the global accounting profession.       

Presentation given by IFAC Senior Technical Manager Vincent Tophoff on the integration of risk management and internal control, especially as they relate to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO)'s standard on risk management, ISO 31000 - Risk Management. 

IFAC Senior Technical Manager Vincent Tophoff and Campbell Soup Company Finance Director and Comptroller J. Stephen McNally gave a presentation at the 94th annual Institute of Management Accountants (IMA)'s conference in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. The presentation outlines some of the pitfalls many organizations face with their current systems of risk management and internal control. Mr. Tophoff and Mr. McNally also discuss the revised Internal Control-Integrated Framework, published in May 2013 by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) as well as ISO 31000:2009, Risk Management - Principles and Guidelines from the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).

The presentation:

• summarizes the most important pitfalls in current risk management & internal control (RM/IC) practice;
• provides insight into current thinking on risk management and internal control;
• outlines key concepts contained in the most important risk management and internal control guidelines;
• discusses the impact of these developments and approaches for organizations; and
• identifies and discusses other emerging trends related to risk management and internal control.

The International Federation of Accountants (IFAC), the global organization for the accountancy profession, along with the World Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank, and the Global Public Policy Committee, held the seventh Conference for Accounting and Accountability for Regional Economic Growth, or CReCER (Contabilidad y Responsabilidad para el Crecimiento Económico Regional) in Cartagena, Colombia, this week. IFAC member body the Instituto Nacional de Contadores Públicos de Colombia hosted and executed the 2013 CReCER event.

Themed Integrating Approaches to Financial Reporting to Advance Regional Economic Growth: An Exchange between Public and Private Sector, the conference drew more than 350 attendees and speakers and covered important topics, such as national and regional initiatives to advance adoption and implementation of international standards; global perspectives on the evolving role of auditors and accountants; recent capital market developments to support investment; and the future of business reporting, including integrated reporting.

IFAC supports this important event as part of overall efforts to strengthen professional accountancy organizations and their role in contributing to high-quality financial reporting and serving as centers of excellence for the auditing and accountancy profession. This year’s event was especially important because of the timeliness of the sessions on strategies for integrating International Public Sector Accounting Standards with public sector financial management systems and the recent Exposure Draft on auditor reporting from the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board.

“The discussions, collaborations, and learning that takes place at CReCER by the profession and its key stakeholders have a lasting impact on accountancy and the economies in the region,” according to IFAC President Warren Allen. “These three days set up the next few years of work on the ground for professional accountancy organizations and international standard setters.”

IFAC looks forward to continuing to collaborate with nations and organizations in the region to advance the global and local issues of importance to accountancy and accountants, especially strengthening public sector financial management.

About IFAC
IFAC is the global organization for the accountancy profession, dedicated to serving the public interest by strengthening the profession and contributing to the development of strong international economies. It is comprised of 173 members and associates in 129 countries and jurisdictions, representing approximately 2.5 million accountants in public practice, education, government service, industry, and commerce.

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Globalization is not a new phenomenon but what is new is both its velocity and how it affects small- and medium-sized entities (SMEs). The impact on SMEs has significant implications for the accounting practices, in particular small- and medium-sized practices (SMPs), that typically serve SMEs. According to the Edinburgh Group (EG)’s recently published report, Growing the Global Economy through SMEs, SMPs may need to carefully critique the services they provide to SMEs seeking to internationalize. As a starting point, the report suggests specific actions for SMPs that include developing more understanding and expertise internally, strengthening relationships with funding institutions, and building international networks of trusted professional and business contacts. SMPs have the potential to become a key agent for the internationalization of small business if they are able to provide SMEs with the advice they need.

Globalization of SMEs

SMEs are a vital and integral part of the global economy. According to the OECD, they account for the majority of private sector employment and GDP as well as a disproportionately large share of new jobs; they are a major source of entrepreneurship and innovation. These SMEs are increasingly becoming part of the global business community. Dramatic changes in communications, transportation, and information technology have accelerated the pace of globalization. SMEs now regularly manufacture products and provide services in many countries and sell to customers and clients around the world—just as large multinational companies have been doing for many years.

The EG report reveals a significant amount of international activity among the SME sector. Almost 75% of the SMPs it surveyed have clients that have some sort of international aspect to their business, even if it is simply buying goods or services from abroad.

Role of SMPs

While globalization presents great opportunities for SMEs—not least new markets for their goods and services—it also poses great challenges. Perhaps the greatest challenge SMEs face is the lack of human capital, including managerial expertise, and financial resources to take advantage of these opportunities. IFAC research indicates that SMEs will likely look to SMPs, their trusted business advisors, to fill the resource gap. The EG report, however, suggests that SMPs themselves must ready themselves to capitalize on the opportunities created by the internationalization of small business. 

Recommendations for SMPs from the EG Report            

The EG report (page 5) makes the following recommendations for SMPs:

1. Provide more proactive support to SMEs in their planning for internationalization, including support in identifying the most attractive, fast-growing international markets.
2. Develop knowledge and information resources to guide SMEs through the red tape challenge associated with international activity, and to help them access all appropriate sources of funding.
3. Build relationships with banks and other key financiers of international investment and trade, to facilitate introductions between these funding sources and SME clients.
4. Identify where SMEs are dealing in foreign currency and seek opportunities to provide value-adding advice in areas such as managing foreign exchange risks and forecasting currency needs.
5. Consider whether additional networking opportunities exist to build relationships with other professionals or to help connect SME clients with each other to create mutually supportive environments and information channels.
6. Assess how the proactive delivery of services targeted at SMEs with international ambitions could help to grow practice income, as well as strengthening client relationships and the firm’s wider reputation.
7. Consider whether developing the international resources available to the practice—for example, by participating in an international network of accountancy firms or building more direct close relationships with firms in other countries—could benefit the firm itself, and its SME clients.

SMEs are increasingly being integrated into the global business community. However, in order for SMEs to maximize the opportunities from internationalizing their business, they need timely advice. SMPs are well placed to provide this counsel.

Resources

IFAC’s website hosts a range of resources and tools to help SMPs implement these recommendations. These resources and tools help SMPs enhance their practice management and build their capacity to offer business advisory services.