Following the March 2008 publication of the report, Financial Reporting Supply Chain: Current Perspectives and Directions, and in response to recommendations made within it, the IFAC Board established a Business Reporting Project Group, chaired by Charles Tilley, to study progress in the areas of governance, financial reporting, and auditing around the globe.

Accountancy leaders from around the world discussed   the global financial crisis, the needs of small- and medium-sized enterprises, and the ways in which professional accountants can contribute to rebuilding economic stability at meetings hosted by the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) last week in New York.

IFAC convened 40 leaders of accountancy institutes and regional accountancy organizations at its annual Member Body Chief Executives Meeting. Participants heard presentations from Svein Andresen, Secretary General of the Financial Stability Forum, and Nicolas Veron, research fellow at Bruegel, a European economic policy research organization, on the causes of the financial crisis and some of the short- and long-term issues to be addressed. Accountancy leaders from developed and developing countries, along with representatives of the firms, discussed how they were addressing the crisis, including their roles in supporting members of the profession on issues such as ethics, fair value accounting, and going concerns, and in contributing thought leadership to the development of new regulations and policies.

“There was broad agreement that now, more than ever, our profession must be unified in our approach to addressing economic issues,” emphasizes IFAC President Robert Bunting. “IFAC is working closely with its member organizations to determine the best way forward in addressing matters related to the crisis.”

“Our independent standard-setting boards, particularly the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board and the International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board, are expediting their work on standards and guidance that will help accountants employed in public practice and in government to address the issues they face in the current environment,” states IFAC Chief Executive Officer Ian Ball.

At the IFAC Board meeting on February 19^th and 20^th,  Board members also focused on issues related to the global financial and economic crisis, resolving to identify those areas where the profession’s expertise would be most useful and to reach out to organizations addressing issues related to the crisis.

A significant part of the Board discussions concentrated on the issues facing small- and medium-sized practices and small- and medium-sized entities (SMEs). Board members approved a process for exploring how IFAC can best support this important sector of the global economy and a proposal on this topic will be presented to the Board in June.  All IFAC members and associates, regional accountancy organizations, firms, and professional accountants will be invited to provide their input.

In addition, the Board approved for release a study on national initiatives related to the financial reporting supply chain. Based on a survey of its member bodies, the new publication, Developments in the Financial Reporting Supply Chain: Results from a Global Study among IFAC Member Bodies, acknowledges that progress has been made, but also reports that greater attention needs to be given to the following: corporate governance; financial reporting and, in particular, the adoption of suitable reporting standards for SMEs; financial auditing; and the usefulness of financial reports.

In other actions, the IFAC Board approved Roger Tabor, a member of the Professional Accountants in Business (PAIB) Committee since 2004, as Chair of the committee. A past president of CIPFA, Mr. Tabor brings 22 years of director-level experience in a major public service organization and a broad range of finance and planning experience to his new role as PAIB Committee Chair.

About IFAC
IFAC (www.ifac.org) is the global organization for the accountancy profession dedicated to serving the public interest by strengthening the profession and contributing to the development of strong international economies. IFAC is comprised of 157 members and associates in 122 countries and jurisdictions, representing more than 2.5 million accountants in public practice, education, government service, industry, and commerce. The organization, through its independent standard-setting boards, sets international ethics, auditing and assurance, education, and public sector accounting standards. IFAC also issues guidance to encourage high-quality performance by professional accountants in business.

The International Federation of Accountants (IFAC), the global organization for the accountancy profession, is seeking nominations for members of its boards and committees for 2010, including three chair positions on standard-setting boards. Five positions are designated for public members, who may be nominated by IFAC member bodies, by members of the public, or via a self-nomination. Seven positions are only open to nominations by the Forum of Firms.¹ Candidates for all other positions may be nominated by IFAC member bodies. Nominations must be submitted before April 15, 2009. All members of IFAC's boards and committees are expected to act in the public interest and must sign a declaration committing to act with integrity and in the public interest in their role within IFAC.

Nominations for Members and Chairs of Boards and Committees

Nominations can be submitted for the following boards and committees:

• IFAC Board;
• International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board;
• International Accounting Education Standards Board;
• International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants (including chair position);
• International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board (including chair position);
• Compliance Advisory Panel (including chair position);
• Developing Nations Committee;
• Professional Accountants in Business Committee;
• Small and Medium Practices Committee; and
• Nominating Committee.

The IFAC Nominating Committee will review the nominations to determine the best candidate for a specific position. IFAC strives for a geographical, professional, and gender balance on its boards and committees; nominations of candidates from varying backgrounds are therefore encouraged. However, the principle of the “best candidate for the job” is the overriding consideration.

Public Member Nominations
IFAC is also seeking nominations for one public member position on each of the following boards: the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board, the International Accounting Education Standards Board, and the International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board. Two public member positions are open on the International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants. Public members must be seen to be independent of any special interests and to clearly represent the wider public interest. Nominees for the public member positions must have an adequate level of knowledge about the work of the respective standard-setting board, although they do not need to have a professional accountancy designation.

Nominations by the Forum of Firms
A total of seven positions on the standard-setting boards are open to nominations from members of the Forum of Firms: one on the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board, two on the International Accounting Education Standards Board, and four on the International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants.

How to Submit Nominations
The Call for Nominations for IFAC Boards and Committees in 2010 describes the positions available and the qualifications required for each position, as well as the process for submitting nominations. It may be viewed on IFAC's website.

All nominations must be submitted by April 15, 2009 using the online Candidate Information System. For more information about the role and activities of each of IFAC's boards and committees, visit the designated pages on the IFAC website.

About IFAC
IFAC is the global organization for the accountancy profession dedicated to serving the public interest by strengthening the profession and contributing to the development of strong international economies. IFAC is comprised of 157 members and associates in 122 countries and jurisdictions, representing more than 2.5 million accountants in public practice, education, government service, industry, and commerce. The organization, through its independent standard-setting boards, sets international ethics, auditing and assurance, education, and public sector accounting standards. IFAC also issues guidance to encourage high-quality performance by professional accountants in business.

¹The Forum of Firms is an association of international networks of accounting firms that perform audits of financial statements that are or may be used across national borders.

As part of its ongoing commitment to support professional accountants in business and their organizations in enhancing governance and in improving organizational performance, the Professional Accountants in Business (PAIB) Committee of the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) has released a new International Good Practice Guidance document entitled Evaluating and Improving Governance in Organizations. The new guidance to professional accountants in business includes a framework, a series of fundamental principles, supporting guidance, and references on how they can contribute to evaluating and improving governance in organizations.As part of its ongoing commitment to support professional accountants in business and their organizations in enhancing governance and in improving organizational performance, the Professional Accountants in Business (PAIB) Committee of the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) has released a new International Good Practice Guidance document entitled Evaluating and Improving Governance in Organizations. The new guidance to professional accountants in business includes a framework, a series of fundamental principles, supporting guidance, and references on how they can contribute to evaluating and improving governance in organizations.

"This International Good Practice Guidance brings together globally recognized and applicable good practice principles on effective governance into an international benchmark for the accountancy profession," says IFAC Chief Executive Ian Ball. "It will help PAIBs and their organizations to further improve their governance structures and processes - something critical to ensuring an organizations viability and accountability."

This guidance is designed to complement existing governance codes, such as the OECD Principles of Corporate Governance (2004), issued by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), by encouraging organizations to achieve a balance between conformance with rules and regulations and driving organizational performance. It also focuses on how to create sustainable stakeholder value in the form of good products or services, economic profitability, job security, safety, or other social or economical responsibilities.

A separate document, Preface to IFAC's International Good Practice Guidance, sets out the scope, purpose, and due process of the committee's International Good Practice Guidance series to which this guidance paper on governance belongs.

Both Evaluating and Improving Governance in Organizations and the Preface to IFAC's International Good Practice Guidance can be downloaded from the PAIB section of the IFAC online bookstore at www.ifac.org/store. The PAIB Committee welcomes all feedback, which can be emailed to paib@ifac.org.

About IFAC
IFAC (http://www.ifac.org/) is the global organization for the accountancy profession dedicated to serving the public interest by strengthening the profession and contributing to the development of strong international economies. IFAC is comprised of 157 members and associates in 122 countries and jurisdictions, representing more than 2.5 million accountants in public practice, education, government service, industry and commerce. The organization, through its independent standard-setting boards, sets international ethics, auditing and assurance, education, and public sector accounting standards. IFAC also issues guidance to encourage high quality performance by professional accountants in business.

The Professional Accountants in Business (PAIB) Committee of the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) has developed a comprehensive Sustainability Framework to support professional accountants and their organizations in integrating a sustainable way of thinking and working in all business processes.  The Framework illustrates how a commitment to sustainability can help to further improve an organization's products or services, motivate its people, lower its costs and enhance its reputation.The Professional Accountants in Business (PAIB) Committee of the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) has developed a comprehensive Sustainability Framework to support professional accountants and their organizations in integrating a sustainable way of thinking and working in all business processes.  The Framework illustrates how a commitment to sustainability can help to further improve an organization's products or services, motivate its people, lower its costs and enhance its reputation.

Designed from four different perspectives - business strategy, internal management, financial investors, and other stakeholders - the new Framework challenges conventional ways of thinking about economic, social and environmental achievements. It also promotes the injection of sustainability leadership into the full management cycle, from making and executing strategic decisions to reporting on performance to all stakeholders.

Roger Adams, chair of the PAIB Committee's Sustainability Framework Project, highlights the holistic view of sustainability taken by the Framework: "It recognizes the importance of the three main dimensions of sustainability: economic viability, social responsibility, and environmental responsibility, as well as their interconnectivity. We hope that this Sustainability Framework provides the means and motivation for professional accountants to address sustainability issues with greater vigor."

"Although the accounting sector itself might be considered a relatively low-impact sector in terms of direct environmental and social impacts, it is the accountant's involvement in the twin issues of organizational decision-making and external reporting that imposes on the accountancy profession the responsibility for understanding, absorbing and articulating the implications of the sustainable development debate," emphasizes Mr. Adams.

IFAC's Sustainability Framework is a web-based tool that allows users to easily navigate those sustainability issues that are most important to their immediate roles and to select and use those examples of good sustainability practice that can work in their organizations.

The Sustainability Framework can be accessed free-of-charge on the IFAC website.

About IFAC
IFAC (http://www.ifac.org/) is the global organization for the accountancy profession dedicated to serving the public interest by strengthening the profession and contributing to the development of strong international economies. IFAC is comprised of 157 members and associates in 122 countries and jurisdictions, representing more than 2.5 million accountants in public practice, education, government service, industry and commerce. The organization, through its independent standard-setting boards, sets international ethics, auditing and assurance, education, and public sector accounting standards. IFAC also issues guidance to encourage high quality performance by professional accountants in business.

This International Good Practice Guidance provides a framework and principles-based guidance for professional accountants in business and their organizations in evaluating and improving governance. Although most organizations have a governance structure in place, it is often focused on conformance with regulations. This conformance is necessary but a governance structure should also support an organization’s efforts to improve performance. This guidance helps create a balance between performance and conformance.

Two international networks of accounting firms, IEC and JHI, have been admitted as full members of the Forum of Firms after indicating that they have met the Forum's membership standards. This includes reporting that they have implemented a globally coordinated quality assurance program, have policies and methodologies based on the International Standards on Auditing (ISAs), and have met other specific ethics requirements. Nineteen other international networks of accounting firms achieved full member status in 2008 and continue to report their adherence to the Forum's membership obligations. A list of the Forum's members is attached.

The Forum of Firms is an association of international networks of accounting firms. These firms perform a major global share of the audits of financial statements that are or may be used across national borders. The Forum's goal is to promote consistent and high quality standards of financial reporting and auditing practices worldwide. "Membership of the Forum demonstrates a network's commitment to meeting its public interest responsibilities and the highest level of quality in auditing on an international scale," emphasized David Maxwell, Chair of the Forum of Firms. "In these tumultuous economic times, such a public commitment to International Standards on Auditing and rigorous quality control standards is an active support to public confidence in the accountancy profession and in financial reporting in general."

In order to achieve full membership status, IEC and JHI had to commit to meeting the Forum's membership obligations which require members to:

• Maintain appropriate quality control standards in accordance with International Standards on Quality Control issued by the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB) in addition to relevant national quality control standards and conduct, to the extent not prohibited by national regulation, regular globally coordinated internal quality assurance reviews;
• Have policies and methodologies for the conduct of transnational audits that are based, to the extent practicable, on ISAs issued by the IAASB; and
• Have policies and methodologies which conform to the IFAC Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants and national codes of ethics.

For additional details on the Forum of Firms, please visit: http://www.ifac.org/Forum_of_Firms/.

The unexpected severity, speed and consequences of the credit crisis present unique challenges for management and auditors in meeting their responsibilities in assessing an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern. To help auditors and management, as well as those charged with governance, in addressing those challenges, the staff of the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB), an independent standard-setting board under the auspices of the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC), has released a new practice alert entitled Audit Considerations in Respect of Going Concern in the Current Economic Environment. The alert was developed following consultation with the IAASB and a review of similar guidance issued by national standard setters.

Management, those charged with governance and auditors alike must consider the effect of the credit crisis and economic downturn on an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern and whether these effects ought to be described in the financial statements. The alert highlights areas within International Standard on Auditing (ISA) 570, Going Concern, as well as other ISAs, that are particularly relevant in the current economic environment and provides additional guidance for auditors in evaluating management’s use of the going concern assumption. It also raises awareness of issues surrounding liquidity and credit risk that may create new uncertainties for entities or exacerbate those already existing.

James Sylph, Executive Director, Professional Standards, emphasizes, “While the alert notes that auditors are always required to evaluate management’s use of the going concern assumption, given current economic conditions, the evaluation will take on even more importance and is likely to be more complex. This is particularly the case with regard to the availability of credit and the impact of the current economic environment on budgets and forecasts, factors which are likely to result in additional disclosures in the current period’s financial statements. As such, we believe this alert will be useful for auditors as well as management of entities of all sizes in the current audit season.”

This new alert is the second alert issued by staff of the IAASB. The first, Challenges in Auditing Fair Value Accounting Estimates in the Current Market Environment, was issued in October 2008 to assist auditors in addressing the challenges of auditing fair value accounting estimates, and highlights areas within the ISAs that are particularly relevant in the audit of fair value accounting estimates in times of market uncertainty. Both alerts may be downloaded free of charge from the IFAC website (www.ifac.org). For more information on IFAC initiatives with regard to the global financial crisis, please visit http://www.ifac.org/financial-crisis/.

About the IAASB and IFAC
The objective of the IAASB is to serve the public interest by setting high quality auditing and assurance standards and by facilitating the convergence of international and national standards, thereby enhancing the quality and uniformity of practice throughout the world and strengthening public confidence in the global auditing and assurance profession. The Public Interest Oversight Board oversees the activities of the IAASB and, as one element of that oversight, establishes its due process and working procedures.

IFAC is the global organization for the accountancy profession dedicated to serving the public interest by strengthening the profession and contributing to the development of strong international economies. IFAC is comprised of 158 members and associates in 122 countries and jurisdictions, representing more than 2.5 million accountants in public practice, education, government service, industry and commerce. In addition to setting international auditing and assurance standards through the IAASB, IFAC, through its independent standard-setting boards, sets international ethics, education, and public sector accounting standards. It also issues guidance to encourage high quality performance by professional accountants in business.

The International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB), an independent standard-setting board under the auspices of the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC), moves closer to completion of its Clarity Project* today with the release of seven clarified International Standards on Auditing (ISAs) and one clarified International Standard on Quality Control (ISQC), following the consideration and approval by the Public Interest Oversight Board (PIOB) of the due process. To date, the IAASB has released 29 final redrafted ISAs and one final redrafted ISQC in the new clarity style.

Titles of the newly issued standards are as follows:

• International Standard on Quality Control (ISQC) 1 (Redrafted), Quality Control for Firms that Perform Audits and Reviews of Financial Statements, and Other Assurance and Related Services Engagements
• ISA 220 (Redrafted), Quality Control for an Audit of Financial Statements
• ISA 500 (Redrafted), Audit Evidence
• ISA 501 (Redrafted), Audit Evidence-Specific Considerations for Selected Items
• ISA 505 (Revised and Redrafted), External Confirmations
• ISA 520 (Redrafted), Analytical Procedures
• ISA 620 (Redrafted), Using the Work of an Auditor's Expert
• ISA 710 (Redrafted), Comparative Information-Corresponding Figures and Comparative Financial Statements

The PIOB has also considered and approved the due process of four additional ISAs that were approved by the IAASB at its September 2008 meeting. However, in finalizing ISA 210 (Redrafted), Agreeing the Terms of Audit Engagements, at its meeting last week, the IAASB approved conforming amendments to the following four reporting standards:

• ISA 700 (Redrafted), Forming an Opinion and Reporting on Financial Statements;
• ISA 800 (Revised and Redrafted), Special Considerations-Audits of Financial Statements Prepared in Accordance with Special Purpose Frameworks;
• ISA 805 (Revised and Redrafted), Special Considerations-Audits of Single Financial Statements and Specific Elements, Accounts or Items of a Financial Statement; and
• ISA 810 (Revised and Redrafted), Engagements to Report on Summary Financial Statements.

The IAASB agreed that these four ISAs will be issued only after the PIOB has considered and approved the due process applied to ISA 210 (Redrafted), which is expected in February 2009.  The IAASB recognizes that the four reporting standards present fewer implementation challenges than other ISAs, and so the interest in issuing a final text including conforming changes outweighs the desire to make them immediately available.

IAASB Chair John Kellas commented on the IAASB's progress: "The approval of the twelve standards now cleared by the PIOB made the IAASB's September meeting one of its most productive.  It also kept us firmly on our timetable for completion of the Clarity Project by the end of 2008. By issuing eight of these standards today we are fulfilling our commitment to make the standards available as soon as practicable. As noted in the Clarity Project Update, early attention given to implementation of the clarified ISAs is of the utmost importance."

In addition to ISA 210 (Redrafted), at its meeting last week the IAASB approved new ISA 265, Communicating Deficiencies to Those Charged with Governance and Management, and ISA 402 (Revised and Redrafted), Audit Considerations Relating to an Entity Using a Service Organization. Subject to PIOB approval, these ISAs will be released in March 2009. The IAASB has also agreed to changes in the approved clarified ISAs as a result of a review for consistency and other matters of clarity; they will be made available on the IAASB's website in early 2009.

The IAASB considers that, with its approval of the final three ISAs (subject to PIOB approval) and its review of consistency, its work in redrafting its international standards under the Clarity Project is now complete.

The complete set of clarified ISAs will be effective for audits of financial statements for periods beginning on or after December 15, 2009. The ISAs can be downloaded free-of-charge from the IFAC online bookstore at http://www.ifac.org/store. The IAASB also plans to publish the set of clarified ISAs in a handbook, expected to be released in April 2009.

About the IAASB and IFAC
The objective of the IAASB is to serve the public interest by setting high quality auditing and assurance standards and by facilitating the convergence of international and national standards, thereby enhancing the quality and uniformity of practice throughout the world and strengthening public confidence in the global auditing and assurance profession. The Public Interest Oversight Board oversees the activities of the IAASB and, as one element of that oversight, establishes its due process and working procedures.

IFAC (www.ifac.org) is the global organization for the accountancy profession dedicated to serving the public interest by strengthening the profession and contributing to the development of strong international economies. IFAC is comprised of 158 members and associates in 122 countries and jurisdictions, representing more than 2.5 million accountants in public practice, education, government service, industry and commerce. In addition to setting international auditing and assurance standards through the IAASB, IFAC, through its independent standard-setting boards, sets international ethics, education, and public sector accounting standards. It also issues guidance to encourage high quality performance by professional accountants in business.
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* Key elements of the Clarity Project drafting conventions include: establishing an objective for the auditor with respect to the subject matter of each standard; clearly distinguishing requirements from guidance on their application; avoiding ambiguity through eliminating the present tense to describe actions by the auditor and using more imperative language where a requirement was intended; and other structural and drafting improvements to enhance the overall readability and understandability of the standards.

A policy position paper released today by the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) describes and explains the international standard-setting process, particularly for International Standards on Auditing (ISAs). The paper, International Standard Setting in the Public Interest, explains how responsibility is shared between public and private sector organizations to produce high quality standards that are in the public interest. The paper identifies the underlying principles of legitimacy, independence, accountability, transparency and performance that are key to a successful standard-setting process, and it describes how the structures and processes of the independent standard-setting boards in the areas of international auditing, ethics and accounting education are consistent with these principles.A policy position paper released today by the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) describes and explains the international standard-setting process, particularly for International Standards on Auditing (ISAs). The paper, International Standard Setting in the Public Interest, explains how responsibility is shared between public and private sector organizations to produce high quality standards that are in the public interest. The paper identifies the underlying principles of legitimacy, independence, accountability, transparency and performance that are key to a successful standard-setting process, and it describes how the structures and processes of the independent standard-setting boards in the areas of international auditing, ethics and accounting education are consistent with these principles.

In the immediate post Sarbanes-Oxley period, IFAC and the international regulatory community took initiatives to strengthen the international auditing standard-setting process in line with these principles. Among the most important actions was the establishment of the Public Interest Oversight Board (PIOB) to provide independent public interest oversight of the key elements of the standard-setting structure and process. The PIOB, formed in 2005, oversees the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB), the International Accounting Education Standards Board, the International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants, as well as the IFAC Member Body Compliance Program.

"A system of shared responsibility for standard setting draws on the strengths of the profession and of the regulators. Each group brings different skills, experiences and authority to the standard-setting process," states IFAC Chief Executive Officer Ian Ball.  "The PIOB, for example, provides assurance that the standard-setting process is operating independently and in the public interest."

In addition to the establishment of the PIOB, other significant elements of the standard-setting process include a highly transparent due process, a strong role for Consultative Advisory Groups that provide technical input from the perspective of external stakeholders, including regulators, and a composition of the standard-setting boards that has an appropriate balance of "practitioner" and "non-practitioner" members.

Speaking about the system as a whole, Mr. Ball emphasizes, "The ultimate test of any system is that it works well, in this case meaning it produces high quality standards that operate in the public interest. The level of adoption and endorsement of the standards - also outlined in the paper - suggest that this test is being met."

 "IFAC and the regulators share a common goal: we want effective standard-setting processes," points out new IFAC President Robert Bunting. "To be effective they must operate in the public interest, they must be balanced, not resulting in excessive compliance costs for any group, and they must contribute to building public confidence in financial reporting. These criteria are ageless, but they are worth re-emphasizing in times of global crisis like these."

International Standard Setting in the Public Interest may be downloaded from the IFAC website by going to http://www.ifac.org/Store/. 

IFAC (http://www.ifac.org/) is the global organization for the accountancy profession dedicated to serving the public interest by strengthening the profession and contributing to the development of strong international economies. IFAC is comprised of 158 members and associates in 122 countries and jurisdictions, representing more than 2.5 million accountants in public practice, education, government service, industry and commerce. The organization, through its independent standard-setting boards, sets international ethics, auditing and assurance, education, and public sector accounting standards. IFAC also issues guidance to encourage high quality performance by professional accountants in business.