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The International Bar Association (IBA) and the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) have announced a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) that formalises and demonstrates a commitment to closer cooperation between the two organisations and the legal and accountancy professions as a whole.

This MoU provides a framework for expanding the cooperation between the IBA and IFAC, with a particular focus on anti-corruption and how the professions can work more closely together in the fight against money-laundering and economic crime., with key stakeholders such as the United Nations and Financial Action Task Force. Other areas of cooperation include maintaining the reputations and integrity of the accountancy and legal professions; ensuring that initiatives to regulate both professions are proportionate and fit-for-purpose; and enhancing the strength of the IBA and IFAC’s collective voice on global policy issues so that the legal and accountancy professions are in the best position to serve the public interest.

Dr Mark Ellis, IBA Executive Director, commented: ‘As the global voices for our respective professions, the IBA and IFAC are uniquely placed to contribute to global policymaking in the public interest. This MoU marks a natural progression of the collaborative work the IBA and IFAC have been undertaking for several years. There is strength in our collective voice as we aim to bring about positive, meaningful change in the anti-corruption sector. We look forward to implementing the framework set out in this Memorandum and furthering our collaborative efforts with IFAC.’

Kevin Dancey, IFAC Chief Executive Officer, remarked: ‘I hope that our relationship, at the global level, inspires and encourages professional accountancy organisations and bar associations to develop stronger bilateral relationships in their jurisdictions to increase their impact in the public interest and achieve shared goals.’

Cooperation between the IBA and IFAC has increased in recent years in the context of The IBA and IFAC Anti-Corruption Mandate (July 2018) and close engagement on the roles of the two professions in combatting corruption and financial crime.

In June 2021, the IBA and IFAC co-hosted a side event at the UN General Assembly Special Session Against Corruption in New York on the essential role both the accountancy and legal professions play in fighting corruption on a global scale, with a particular focus on issues of professional ethics and independence. Following on from this event, at the ninth session of the UN Convention Against Corruption Conference of States Parties in December 2021, the IBA and IFAC co-hosted a side event examining the ways in which the accountancy and legal professions act as ‘gatekeepers’ of the global financial system in terms of the prevention, identification and mitigation of corruption.

ENDS

Notes to the Editor

1. The International Bar Association (IBA), the global voice of the legal profession, is the foremost organisation for international legal practitioners, bar associations and law societies, with members based in more than 170 jurisdictions. Established in 1947, shortly after the creation of the United Nations, with the aim of protecting and advancing the rule of law globally, the IBA was born out of the conviction that an organisation made up of the world's bar associations could contribute to global stability and peace through the administration of justice. The IBA acts as a connector, enabler, and influencer, for fair practice and accountability worldwide and through its global membership, it influences the development of international law reform and helps to shape the future of the legal profession throughout the world.

2. The International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) is the global organisation for the global organization for the accountancy profession dedicated to serving the public interest by strengthening the profession and contributing to the development of strong international economies. IFAC is comprised of 180 members and associates in 135 countries and jurisdictions, representing more than 3 million accountants in public practice, education, government service, industry, and commerce.

3. The IBA Anti-Corruption Committee provides an international forum for private and public-sector practitioners to meet and discuss anti-corruption laws, compliance practices, enforcement trends and asset recovery issues. It facilitates the sharing of best practice and the regular communication of legal and other developments, including new legislation, case-law, prosecution guidance and government policy, as well as developments in civil society, the private sector and international organisations.

4. Find the IBA on social media here:

• IBA (@IBAnews)
• twitter.com/IBAnews
• twitter.com/IBAevents
• www.facebook.com/internationalbarassociation
• www.linkedin.com/company/international-bar-association

5. Find IFAC on social media here:

• twitter.com/ifac
• linkedin.com/company/ifac
• facebook.com/InternationalFederationOfAccountants
• youtube.com/IFACMultimedia

The International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board^® (IPSASB^®), developer of IPSAS®, international accrual-based accounting standards for use by governments and other public sector entities around the world, has issued an integrated package of revenue and transfer expenses pronouncements comprising:

• Updated Conceptual Framework: Chapter 5, Elements in Financial Statements;
• International Public Sector Accounting Standard® (IPSAS®) 47, Revenue; and
• IPSAS 48, Transfer Expenses.

The three pronouncements update and simplify existing principles, while filling gaps in the IPSAS literature, resulting in more consistent guidance for IPSAS users and better support for implementation globally. Informed by stakeholder feedback and refinement over the course of several years, the pronouncements introduce:

• A single up-to-date source of guidance applicable to all revenue transactions across the public sector; and
• A new straightforward accounting model for the recognition and measurement of transfer expenses in the public sector.

“These pronouncements address a significant proportion of transactions for all public sector entities, and their publication is a major milestone in public sector accounting,” said Ian Carruthers, IPSASB Chair. “By providing a robust principle-based approach to accounting for revenue and transfer expense transactions, these pronouncements will help increase the transparency and accountability of public sector transactions around the world.”

The updates to Chapter 5 of the Conceptual Framework revise the definitions of an asset and a liability and add new guidance on the transfer of resources, unit of account, and binding arrangements that are equally unperformed. These changes provide a strong foundation for the guidance in the new standards.

IPSAS 47 replaces IPSAS 9, Revenue from Exchange Transactions and IPSAS 11, Construction Contracts, and IPSAS 23, Revenue from Non-Exchange Transactions (Taxes and Transfers) with two accounting models for the recognition and measurement of public sector revenue transactions, based on the existence of a binding arrangement. The new IPSAS is aligned with IFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with Customers while broadening its applicability across the public sector. Additional guidance is included to help entities apply the accounting principles to public sector-specific transactions, such as capital transfers and compelled transactions.

IPSAS 48 introduces guidance for transfer expenses, where a transfer provider provides resources to another entity without receiving anything directly in return, which is common situation in the public sector globally. The accounting for transfer expenses is driven by whether the transaction results in an enforceable right to have the transfer recipient satisfy their obligations. To operationalize this principle, IPSAS 48 presents two accounting models based on the existence or not of a binding arrangement.

The effective date for both IPSAS 47 and IPSAS 48 is January 1, 2026, with earlier application permitted. Updates to the Conceptual Framework are effective when published.

How to Access
To access the Conceptual Framework Update: Chapter 5, Elements in Financial Statements, IPSAS 47, Revenue, and IPSAS 48, Transfer Expenses, their summary At-a-Glance documents, and webcasts, visit the IPSASB website. The IPSASB encourages IFAC members, associates, and Network Partners to promote the availability of these pronouncements to their members and employees.

About the IPSASB
The International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board (IPSASB) works to strengthen public financial management globally through developing and maintaining accrual-based International Public Sector Accounting Standards® (IPSAS®) and other high-quality financial reporting guidance for use by governments and other public sector entities. It also raises awareness of IPSAS and the benefits of accrual adoption. The Board receives support from the Asian Development Bank, the Chartered Professional Accountants of Canada, the New Zealand External Reporting Board, and the governments of Canada and New Zealand. The structures and processes that support the operations of the IPSASB are facilitated by the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC). For copyright, trademark, and permissions information, please go to permissions or contact permissions@ifac.org.

About the Public Interest Committee
The governance and standard-setting activities of the IPSASB are overseen by the Public Interest Committee (PIC), to ensure that they follow due process and reflect the public interest. The PIC is comprised of individuals with expertise in public sector or financial reporting, and professional engagement in organizations that have an interest in promoting high-quality and internationally comparable financial information.

International Public Sector Accounting Standard^® (IPSAS) 45 replaces IPSAS 17, Property, Plant, and Equipment by adding current operational value as a measurement basis in the updated current value model for assets within its scope, identifying the characteristics of heritage and infrastructure assets, and adding new guidance on how these important types of public sector assets should be recognized and measured. 

International Public Sector Accounting Standard^® (IPSAS) 46 provides new guidance in a single standard addressing how commonly used measurement bases should be applied in practice. It brings in generic guidance on fair value for the first time, and introduces current operational value, a public sector specific current value measurement basis addressing constituents’ views that an alternative current value measurement basis to fair value is needed for certain public sector assets. 

To implement the International Sustainability Standards Board’s (ISSB’s) standards and jurisdictional standards and regulatory requirements, organizations must ensure effective oversight arrangements to deliver high quality, cost effective and decision useful reporting. As reporting and assurance of sustainability-related disclosure evolves, audit committees have a critical role to play in expanding their existing oversight responsibilities for financial reporting and compliance to sustainability-related disclosures.

Because many professional accountants serve on and are accountable to audit committees, the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC), has released Key Questions for Audit Committees Overseeing Sustainability-Related Disclosure to prepare audit committees with effective questions to ask when overseeing sustainability and ESG related disclosures.

The key questions for audit committees cover:

• Roles and responsibilities across the organization
• Data collection, processes and controls
• What’s being reported?
• Audit and assurance

“Professional accountants serving on boards and audit committees play critical roles in the oversight of sustainability-related disclosures, and this release will help prepare audit committees step up their roles to advance sustainability,” said Kevin Dancey, IFAC CEO. “We also encourage professional accountancy organizations (PAOs) to utilize these key questions to help their members stay up to date with, and prepare for, expanding oversight responsibilities in relation to sustainability.”

Access the placemat to find out the essential questions.

About IFAC
IFAC is the global organization for the accountancy profession dedicated to serving the public interest by strengthening the profession and contributing to the development of strong international economies. IFAC is comprised of 180 members and associates in 135 countries and jurisdictions, representing more than 3 million accountants in public practice, education, government service, industry, and commerce.

Mandatory greenhouse gas (GHG) reporting is on the horizon.

The International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board^® (IPSASB^®) has issued International Public Sector Accounting Standard^® (IPSAS) 48, Transfer Expenses. IPSAS 48 provides accounting guidance for transfer expenses, which account for a significant portion of expenditures for many public sector entities.

The International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board® (IPSASB®), developer of IPSAS®, international accrual-based accounting standards for use by governments and other public sector entities around the world has issued an integrated package of measurement-related pronouncements comprising: 

• Updated Conceptual Framework: Chapter 7, Measurement of Assets and Liabilities in Financial Statements;
• International Public Sector Accounting Standard® (IPSAS®) 45, Property, Plant, and Equipment, and 
• IPSAS 46, Measurement. 

The three pronouncements provide simplified, more consistent guidance addressing key conceptual challenges and practical implementation issues identified by the public sector community by introducing: 

• Straight-forward principles for initial and subsequent measurement, that apply throughout IPSAS and align with the Conceptual Framework; and
• Enhanced property, plant, and equipment guidance that also clarifies the recognition and measurement of infrastructure and heritage assets. 

“These important pronouncements provide clear and consistent foundational principles for the measurement of public sector assets,” said IPSASB Chair Ian Carruthers. “In addition, IPSAS 45 includes guidance on the recognition and measurement of heritage and infrastructure assets, which addresses their unique characteristics.”  

The updates to Chapter 7 of the Conceptual Framework streamline the measurement principles by eliminating unused measurement bases and enhancing focus on those that are commonly used. The new subsequent measurement framework will help constituents apply the principles in practice and aligns measurement concepts with the guidance provided in IPSAS. 

IPSAS 45 replaces IPSAS 17, Property, Plant, and Equipment by adding current operational value as a measurement basis in the updated current value model for assets within its scope, identifying the characteristics of heritage and infrastructure assets, and adding new guidance on how these important types of public sector assets should be recognized and measured. 

IPSAS 46 provides new guidance in a single standard addressing how commonly used measurement bases should be applied in practice. It brings in generic guidance on fair value for the first time, and introduces current operational value, a public sector specific current value measurement basis addressing constituents’ views that an alternative current value measurement basis to fair value is needed for certain public sector assets. 

The effective date for both IPSAS 45 and IPSAS 46 is January 1, 2025, with earlier application permitted. Updates to the Conceptual Framework are effective when published.  

How to Access 
To access the Conceptual Framework Update: Chapter 7, Measurement of Assets and Liabilities in Financial Statements, IPSAS 45, Property, Plant, and Equipment, and IPSAS 46, Measurement, their summary At-a-Glance document, and webcast visit the IPSASB website. The IPSASB encourages IFAC members, associates, and Network Partners to promote the availability of these pronouncements to their members and employees. 

About the IPSASB 
The International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board (IPSASB) works to strengthen public financial management globally through developing and maintaining accrual-based International Public Sector Accounting Standards® (IPSAS®) and other high-quality financial reporting guidance for use by governments and other public sector entities. It also raises awareness of IPSAS and the benefits of accrual adoption. The Board receives support from the Asian Development Bank, the Chartered Professional Accountants of Canada, the New Zealand External Reporting Board, and the governments of Canada and New Zealand. The structures and processes that support the operations of the IPSASB are facilitated by the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC). For copyright, trademark, and permissions information, please go to permissions or contact permissions@ifac.org. 
 
About the Public Interest Committee 
The governance and standard-setting activities of the IPSASB are overseen by the Public Interest Committee (PIC), to ensure that they follow due process and reflect the public interest. The PIC is comprised of individuals with expertise in public sector or financial reporting, and professional engagement in organizations that have an interest in promoting high-quality and internationally comparable financial information.