This Executive Summary of Evaluating and Improving Internal Control in Organizations is part of the International Good Practice Guidance series. The condensed version summarizes the principles and the importance of effective systems of internal control, as well as explains some of the pitfalls that can be avoided.

The Confederation of Asian and Pacific Accountants (CAPA) has received a World Bank grant for the Program to Strengthen Accounting Capacity in Mongolia, Philippines and Vietnam: Improving Continuing Professional Development (CPD) Systems of National Professional Accounting Organisations (PAOs).

The General Procurement Notice (GPN), Request for Expression of Interest (REOI), including the Terms of Reference, is available on the UN Development Business website (registration required to view the full documents).

The opportunity to respond is open to any suitable organization or firm. The closing date for submission of the REOI is midnight of May 2, 2013 (Kuala Lumpur time).

The procurement is being conducted in accordance with the Guidelines: Selection and Employment of Consultants [under IBRD Loans and IDA Credits & Grants] by World Bank Borrowers—January 2011 (“Consultant Guidelines”).

The Governance Self-Assessment for Professional Accountancy Organizations is an assessment tool developed to assist professional accountancy organizations in reviewing how they meet the principles and practices of the Model Guide for Professional Accountancy Organizations and Evaluating and Improving Governance in Organizations

IFAC has developed this Model Guide based on Good Governance: A Code for the Voluntary and Community Sector (The Code), created by the Code Steering Group, comprised of the Association for Chief Executive Officers (ACEVO), the Charity Trustee Networks (CTN), the Institute of Chartered Secretaries and Administrators (ICSA), and the National Council for Voluntary Organisations (NCVO), and supported by the Charity Commission for England and Wales. The Model Guide has been specifically developed to assist PAOs in

The International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board (IPSASB) has released for comment the fourth Exposure Draft (ED) related to its project to develop a Conceptual Framework for the general purpose financial reporting of public sector entities. The Conceptual Framework continues to be the IPSASB’s key strategic objective and is of fundamental importance to the future of global public sector standard setting.

Conceptual Framework Exposure Draft 4, Conceptual Framework for General Purpose Financial Reporting by Public Sector Entities: Presentation in General Purpose Financial Reports, further develops and modifies the conceptual approach highlighted in the Consultation Paper (CP) published in 2012 and reflects the IPSASB’s consideration of the responses to that CP. It builds on the first four chapters of the Conceptual Framework, which were published last January.

The ED describes presentation as the selection, location and organization of information that is displayed and disclosed in General Purpose Financial Reports (GPFRs). GPFRs include both financial statements and other reports providing additional information that enhances, complements, and supplements the financial statements.

The ED also describes display and disclosure, and identifies three presentation decisions—information selection, location, and organization. Presentation decisions are made at two levels:

• High-level decisions that may result in development of a new report, movement of information between reports, or the amalgamation of existing reports; and
• Detailed decisions related to information selection, location, and organization within a report.

Presentation decisions are made:

• In response to the needs of users for information about economic or other phenomena;
• To support the financial reporting objectives; and
• Through application of the qualitative characteristics and constraints on information in financial reports.

Presentation concepts are strongly linked to other parts of the Conceptual Framework and the ED explains those linkages.

“This Exposure Draft is a further step in the development of a Conceptual Framework that reflects public sector circumstances and, when finalized, will underpin IPSASB’s standard-setting activities for many years to come,” said IPSASB Chair Andreas Bergmann. “It proposes presentation concepts applicable to all GPFRs. This is the first time that an international standard setter has developed presentation concepts applicable to both financial statements and additional information and reports that enhance, complement, and supplement the financial statements. Therefore this ED explores new ground and we strongly encourage all stakeholders to submit comments on the proposals in it.”

How to Comment
To access the Exposure Draft and the At-a-Glance document, which provides a summary of the Exposure Draft, or to submit a comment, visit the IPSASB website.

Comments on the Exposure Draft are requested by August 15, 2013. The IPSASB encourages IFAC members, associates, and regional accountancy bodies to promote the availability of this document to their members and employees.

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This At-a-Glance is a summary of Conceptual Framework for General Purpose Financial Reporting by Public Sector Entities: Presentation in General Purpose Financial Reports.

Thank you for subscribing to the eNews from the International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board (IPSASB). This edition provides a summary of decisions made at the IPSASB’s meeting held March 11-14, 2013, in Abu Dhabi. Please go to the IPSASB Meeting Page for the meeting highlights and relevant agenda items.

1. Conceptual Framework  ED 4, Presentation in General Purpose Financial Reports
2. The Preface to the Conceptual Framework
3. Financial Statement Discussion and Analysis
4. Reporting on the Long-Term Sustainability of an Entity’s Finances
5. Public Sector Combinations
6. First-Time Adoption of Accrual Basis IPSASs
7. Next Meeting
8. World Congress of Accountants 2014 to be Held in Rome; Sponsorship Opportunities Available

1.     Conceptual Framework ED 4, Presentation in General Purpose Financial Reports

The IPSASB approved the Conceptual Framework–Exposure Draft 4 (CF–ED4), Presentation in General Purpose Financial Reports, which describes presentation, display, and disclosure. It proposes an approach to presentation of decisions involving a two-level application of the concepts developed in chapters 1–4 of the Conceptual Framework.

In finalizing CF–ED4, the IPSASB confirmed:

• The description of key terminology, including presentation, display, and disclosure; and
• The decision-focused approach to presentation, involving decisions on information selection, location, and organization.

The IPSASB also confirmed application of both the qualitative characteristics and constraints on information included in general purpose financial reports (GPFRs) when making presentation decisions. The IPSASB also confirmed its decision not to include specific presentation objectives, relying on the direct application of the objectives of financial reporting identified in chapter 2 of the Framework.

The ED will have a four-month exposure period. The ED and the At-a-Glance document, which provides a summary of the ED, will be published shortly.

2.     The Preface to the Conceptual Framework

The IPSASB also discussed the approach to incorporation of the Preface into the Conceptual Framework. While it confirmed that the Preface should be included in the Framework, it decided to defer approval and publication until the Framework is being finalized. This will allow the linkages between the characteristics identified in the Preface and the concepts in the Framework chapters to be made more explicit.

The IPSASB reviewed the draft Preface presented by staff and gave directions for amendments to some of the sections, particularly those dealing with involuntary transfers and non-exchange transactions, and the longevity of the public sector.

3.     Financial Statement Discussion and Analysis

Consistent with a decision earlier in the meeting to issue non-authoritative guidance for pronouncements relating to general purpose financial reports (GPFRs), the IPSASB confirmed that the draft International Public Sector Accounting Standard (IPSAS), Financial Statement Discussion and Analysis, which has been developed from Exposure Draft 47, should be revised to become a Recommended Practice Guideline (RPG).

The IPSASB reviewed the current draft, acknowledging that specific wording may change due to the decision to change its status, and gave directions for amendments. A draft RPG with a Basis for Conclusions will be considered for approval at the June 2013 meeting.

4.     Reporting on the Long-Term Sustainability of an Entity’s Finances

The IPSASB reviewed a draft Recommended Practice Guideline (RPG) 1, Reporting on the Long-Term Sustainability of an Entity’s Finances, which has been developed from Exposure Draft 46 and provided directions for amendments. In particular, it directed staff to revise the section relating to the dimensions of long-term fiscal sustainability to directly refer to the dimensions of service, revenue, and debt and to explain that there are two aspects to each dimension: capacity and vulnerability. Capacity is the ability of the entity to influence or change the service, revenue, or debt dimensions, and vulnerability is the extent of the entity’s dependence on factors outside its control or influence. The draft RPG will be revised and presented at the June 2013 meeting with a view to approval.

5.     Public Sector Combinations

The IPSASB considered the responses received to Consultation Paper (CP), Public Sector Combinations. The CP was issued in June 2012 and received 26 responses.

The IPSASB agreed that the project should continue with the scope proposed in the CP, which includes guidance on (a) the de-recognition and recognition of assets for the transferor, (b) the definition of an operation, (c) disclosure requirements for combining entities relating to the going concern basis, (d) subsequent measurement requirements similar to that included in International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) 3, Business Combinations, and (e) distinguishing between asset acquisitions, entity and operation acquisitions, and amalgamations using relevant text from IFRS 3.

The IPSASB had an initial discussion about whether the approach used in the CP of distinguishing acquisitions and amalgamations, with a further distinction for public sector combinations not under common control and under common control, is appropriate. Staff was directed to outline the possible consequences of such distinctions for review at its June 2013 meeting. The IPSASB will also conduct a detailed analysis of the responses to the CP and preliminary views during that meeting.

6.     First-Time Adoption of Accrual Basis IPSASs

The IPSASB discussed an analysis of the transitional provisions related to IPSAS 23, Revenue from Non-Exchange Transactions (Taxes and Transfers), IPSAS 25, Employee Benefits, and IPSAS 32, Service Concession Arrangements: Grantor, and provided directions to staff on various aspects including categorization. The IPSASB agreed to adopt a transition period of three years as a general guideline, acknowledging that this could be changed at the standards level if determined appropriate.

At the June 2013 meeting, an analysis of the transitional provisions for the financial instruments standards will be considered. The IPSASB thanks Ernst & Young for providing staff support up to this point in the project. The South African Accounting Standards Board is now providing staff resources for the project and will be developing an exposure draft for review, with a view to approval in September 2013.

7.     Next Meeting

The next IPSASB meeting will be held in Toronto, Canada, on June 17–20, 2013. Members of the public may register to observe the meetings. Registration will close one week before the first day of the meeting.

8.  World Congress of Accountants 2014 to be Held in Rome; Sponsorship Opportunities Available

The next World Congress of Accountants (WCOA) will be hosted by the Consiglio Nazionale dei Dottori Commercialisti e degli Esperti Contabili (CNDCEC) in Rome, Italy, in 2014. Themed 2020 Vision: Learning from the Past, Building the Future, the 2014 WCOA will be held November 10-13 at the Auditorium Parco della Musica. More than 4,000 professionals from all over the world will convene at this can’t-miss IFAC event, held every four years. WCOA 2014 will look back to explore the evolution of the accountancy profession and forward to showcase the innovations that will set the tone for the future.

The WCOA also affords an unparalleled opportunity for organizations and firms to share their projects and visions with the world by taking advantage of one of our carefully crafted sponsorship packages. There are numerous options so you’ll be able to select the one that best suits your organization’s unique strategy and goals. For more information, please contact info@wcoa2014rome.com or Dimarco@wcoa2014rome.com. 

The International Federation of Accountants (IFAC), the global organization for the accountancy profession with 172 members and associates in 129 countries, today applauded the release of the proposed International Integrated Reporting Framework by the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC). The Framework is expected to be a critical tool for businesses as they create integrated reports and drive integrated thinking in their organizations.

Integrated reporting is the next step in the evolution of corporate reporting and communications, helping organizations to communicate a clear and candid picture of their performance to investors.

“The accountancy profession plays a vital facilitating role in bringing integrated reporting to more organizations, and the Framework will help guide organizations and professional accountants in this process,” said IFAC President Warren Allen, who is also a member of the IIRC Council. “Feedback from individual accountants and the profession on the proposed Framework is critical.”

IFAC has been a proactive participant in the development of the Framework, and is a co-founder of the IIRC. In addition to Mr. Allen serving on the IIRC Council, Ian Ball, former IFAC CEO and current principal advisor, chairs the IIRC Working Group. IFAC also has a staff member who has been seconded to the IIRC on a full-time basis.

The IIRC is asking all stakeholders to provide feedback on the International Integrated Reporting Framework during its public consultation period, which closes July 15, 2013. The Framework has been released in English but will also be available soon in additional languages.

About IFAC
IFAC is the global organization for the accountancy profession, dedicated to serving the public interest by strengthening the profession and contributing to the development of strong international economies. It is comprised of 172 members and associates in 129 countries and jurisdictions, representing approximately 2.5 million accountants in public practice, education, government service, industry, and commerce.

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Presentation given to the Federation of Accounting Professionals in Thailand during a seminar on the IFAC Statements of Membership Obligations (SMOs). The presentation includes information what the SMOs are, their importance, the November 2012 revisions, and what organizations need to understand and do to apply the SMOs.